Devotions & Bible Studies

“Not my Will, But Thine, Be Done”

Walking in the Will of God

by Diane Berry - Founder/Director of Full Force Ministries

Diane Berry & Full Force Ministries

The following is a brief excerpt from a formal Writing (with the above title) that I wrote back in November of 2008 for my "Theology and Foundation" Class of the Christian Counseling Institute of Destiny School of Ministry.  It is my prayer that the Spirit of God grips your heart through this illuminated teaching & ushers you into a deeper, more intimate walk with our Lord. ~ Diane Berry 
     

A perfect picture and example of God’s Will performed on earth can be found in the book of Matthew 1:18-25.  Here we find the glorious story of the miraculous conception of Jesus Christ, the Savior of the world.  These morsels of scripture not only show God’s Will coming to pass, but also mirror the reality of the pestering resistant battle of our flesh-man.  To further explain, here is a spiritual interpretation of these scriptures:  Jesus, the unborn baby symbolizes the promise or Will of God for a person or in a person.  

The Virgin Mary symbolizes our spirit-man / innermost being – pure and unadulterated – in which the Will of God is conceived.  As was done with Mary, our Heavenly Father wants to impregnate His Church, His people with His Will by the overshadowing power of the Holy Spirit.  This is accomplished when an individual surrenders and submits himself to the mighty, but tender hand of God (reference Jeremiah 18:2-6).  The prayer and cry of our hearts should be:  “Not my will, but yours be done.”  (To get a much greater impact of this prayer, know that the Greek word for “will” here is: “Thelema” meaning - a determination, act, choice, purpose, decree, volition, inclination, desire, and/or pleasure.  The word “will” can also be interchanged with the following:  call, assignment, path, plan, way, destiny, and life).   

When Joseph, Mary’s husband to be, found out that she was with child, he planned to break off the engagement.  Joseph not only symbolizes people in our lives that are unsupportive to the promise or Will of God for us, but more accurately he represents a part of us.  Joseph symbolizes our flesh-man.  He represents the on-going duel that all of God’s children contend with; which is the war against our own flesh, our own desires and our own will. Joseph’s original plan of separation from Mary symbolizes Christians giving in to their flesh-man due to lack of faith and understanding in the plan of God for their lives.  The Bible tells us that after Joseph received a message from the Lord, he woke up and took Mary to be his wife.  Like Joseph, God’s people / Church need a holy visitation and spiritual awakening in order to accept the perfect Will of God for themselves.   

The marriage symbolizes partial unity or the beginning of unity within oneself, in otherwords – the submitting of the flesh-man to the spirit.  Joseph did not know Mary / they did not enter into union with one another until after the baby was born.  We cannot allow our flesh to become impatient, and defile or interfere with what God has birthed in our spirit.  The flesh must wait in submission for God’s perfect Will to come to pass.  It is in this process that our flesh is crucified; that we die to our own will and desires.  Therefore, submission alone is not enough.  The flesh must die and it must be stripped away; otherwise the stench of its remains will blend with that which is holy and defile it.  

The “Knowing / Union” of Joseph and Mary after God’s Will was birthed, symbolizes “Life in the Spirit”. Therefore, I would like to present to you the following spiritual equation:  flesh + submission + death + stripping = “Life in the Spirit.”

Devotions from Daybreak Disciples Ministries

Thoughts on Living Life as a Believer in Jesus Christ

 Pastor George L. Erdei & Pamela

Nov. 2, 2010
The other day I overheard some school children on their way to the bus stop near our house. They were maybe 8 to 10 years old. As they walked along they were loudly cursing each other with the filthiest language imaginable; many of the words misusing the name of God. This saddened my heart.

The unbridled use of profanity is so prevalent in our society today. It’s everywhere; schools, the workplace, shopping malls, sporting events and most other public places. No one blushes at these profane words anymore. It’s become a normal part of our culture. We hear profanities on television, the radio, movies and unfortunately in our very homes. Many “Comedians” rely on these words for laughs. No wonder the children are speaking these obscenities.

Call me old fashioned, but I believe as a people we have degraded rapidly; our speech and behavior are key indicators. Since God has been rejected by our schools, public institutions and governmental authorities – rebellion and perversion naturally follow. Why do we curse God so much? It’s simple; we reject the goodness and righteousness that only comes from God. Without God there is no accountability.

God’s word gives us some things to consider when it comes to the words we use. Here are just a few scriptures about the subject.

Matthew 12:36-37: "I tell you that men will have to give account on the day of judgment for every careless word they have spoken. For by your words you will be acquitted, and by your words you will be condemned."

Luke 6:45, “The good man brings good things out of the good stored up in his heart, and the evil man brings evil things out of the evil stored up in his heart. For out of the overflow of his heart his mouth speaks.”

Ephesians 4:29, “Do not let any unwholesome talk come out of your mouths, but only what is helpful for building others up according to their needs, that it may benefit those who listen.”

1 Peter 3:10, “For, whoever would love life and see good days must keep his tongue from evil and his lips from deceitful speech.”

James 3:6, “The tongue also is a fire, a world of evil among the parts of the body. It corrupts the whole person, sets the whole course of his life on fire, and is itself set on fire by hell.”

Good reasons to think carefully before we speak.

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October 26, 2010
When I was a young boy, I had a keen interest in science. I loved finding out new things and reading about new discoveries; especially in space exploration. It was fascinating to me. I used to look up at the night sky, inspect all the stars and wonder, “How did all of this come about?” “What is existence?” “What is our purpose?”

Many people have the misconception that the study of science and the belief in a Creator God are at odds. They feel if you believe in one, then you cannot believe in the other – thinking they are diametrically opposed. This is a lie from Satan.

Science is the systematic study of our natural world through observation and experimentation. Since no one was present at the beginning of creation (just God), all we can do is look at things in their present form and attempt to reconstruct the past.

Here’s the big problem. Our secular educational system would like everyone to believe in Darwinian Evolution. They want this belief system taught exclusively in the schools. They characterize the entire scientific community as backing evolution as the only logical creation theory. The educators portray any researcher that promotes the Biblical account of creation as a "crackpot," or a "counterfeit" scientist. Many of them say only scientists from the past believed in a Creator God. Lies, lies, and more lies!

Romans 1:21-23, "For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened. (22) Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools (23) and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images made to look like mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles."

Click on the link below and take a look at this impressive list of creation scientists (alive today). Look at their credentials and educational achievements. Wise men still believe and seek after God!

http://creation.com/scientists-alive-today-who-accept-the-biblical-account-of-creation

Ultimately, God will have the final word on this debate; after all, He did have the first word!

Genesis 1:1, “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.”

Revelation 4:11, “You are worthy, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honor and power, for you created all things, and by your will they were created and have their being.”

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October 26, 2010

I’m beginning to sense a new spirit of cooperation developing between the various Christian churches and ministries. For too long we have allowed minor doctrinal differences and unfounded jealousies to keep us apart. There is only one body of Christ (the true believers that follow after Him). There are many members in this body. There are many different denominations in this body. Some have different functions and styles, but all have the same main goal and purpose; to proclaim the word of God and make disciples.

Mark 16:15-16, “He (Jesus) said to them, "Go into all the world and preach the good news to all creation.”

Matthew 28:19, “Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,”

I believe that time is winding down. The world as we know it is coming to an end. Jesus’ return to the earth is imminent. Due to new and expanding technologies, the word of God is being proclaimed throughout the world at a more rapid pace. For a long time I have believed the key to the return of Jesus Christ is found in Matthew 24:14, “And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come.”

There are some people groups that have not yet been reached, but this is only a matter of time. The Internet, television, radio and print media are helping to speed up this process. When we as Christians continue to lay aside insignificant differences and find the common ground on which we stand, the Gospel message will proceed at an astounding rate. When we stop trying to “compete” with one another and truly become united, our combined results will be astonishing!

Once the word of God penetrates these unreached areas and everyone has had a chance to hear the truth and make a choice - the end will come. Here’s the big question; Are you and your loved ones ready for His return?

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October 12, 2010

Yesterday was Columbus Day. Christopher Columbus was a navigator, colonizer and explorer from Genoa, Italy. He is generally given credit for the discovery of the American continents in 1492.

History shows us that he was not the first person to discover the Americas. There were other groups of people that made it to these shores well before Columbus. The Norse for example, led by Leif Erickson, made it here 500 years earlier, building a temporary settlement.

Columbus was considered brave by some and foolish by many. Back then, the general thought was that the earth was flat and believed the earth was held up by pillars or elephants. Many presumed that if you were to sail far enough, you would come to the edge and fall off. Because of their limited scientific knowledge, many regarded the explorers as great risk takers.

Here’s what is so astounding about the Bible. Even though the books of the Old Testament were written between 2000 and 430 BC, it is scientifically accurate. Long before modern science and state-of-the-art instruments and equipment, the Bible described things that were only confirmed centuries later.

For example, in Isaiah 40:42 states, “He sits enthroned above the circle of the earth, and its people are like grasshoppers.  He stretches out the heavens like a canopy, and spreads them out like a tent to live in,’ The idea of the earth being a circle would not be revealed for centuries.

Job 26:7 says, “He spreads out the northern [skies] over empty space; he suspends the earth over nothing,” Once again, this would have been a radical concept at the time.

God knew about these concepts because He created and developed them.

Check out this website to see more examples of scientific knowledge in the Bible:

http://www.clarifyingchristianity.com/science.shtml

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September 21, 2010

Many people have the misconception that they must “clean up” their lives before God will accept them. They can’t see themselves serving God when they have so many bad habits and character flaws. They don’t think they are good enough to be loved and accepted by God. If this were the case, then none of us would be good enough to be part of God’s family. The Bible says in Romans 3:12, “All have turned away; they have together become worthless; there is no one who does good, not even one.”

In reality, the first step is to turn to God, ask for His forgiveness, and accept His free gift of love and salvation. After we do this, He will begin the lifelong process of helping us become more like Him. This process is called sanctification. Jesus promises to help us every step of the way. Philippians 1:6, “being confident of this, that he who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus.”

As Christians, we are only “good” because of the Blood of Jesus; nothing more, nothing less. When we invite Jesus to become our Savior and Lord, we are then clothed in the righteousness of Christ. Romans 3:22, “This righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe…”

Please know this, no one is perfect. No one deserves the mercy and grace of God. We are all far from perfection. There has only been one completely perfect human – Jesus Christ (He was human and divine). Everyone else falls short and misses the mark.

As followers of Christ, we should strive for perfection. In doing so, we may become excellent in our lives. True perfection will only come on that day when we go to be with Jesus. However, in order to go with Him, we must accept Him. 2 Corinthians 6:2, “…I tell you, now is the time of God's favor, now is the Day of Salvation.

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September 14, 2010

September 12^th was National Grandparents Day. It’s not a highly recognized day. In fact, I would venture to guess that most people didn’t realize it was even on the calendar. The day takes on a whole new meaning for me and my wife – since we now officially fall into the category of “Grandparents.” Collin being our first grandchild; he was born on February 27, 2010.

Grandparents are important to the family. Actually, it’s an awesome responsibility to be  a grandparent. Family and genealogy are important to God. It’s all part of our heritage; where we came from, the traits that we inherit, the values that are passed down from one generation to another. As Christian grandparents, we are to pass on a Godly heritage to our grandchildren. Psalm 145:4 tells us, “rom one generation to another.we inherate, Family and geneology One generation will commend your works to another; they will tell of your mighty acts.”

This is something we cannot afford to neglect. Today’s world is a dangerous and evil place. We must have a positive influence on our grandchildren. We can achieve this through prayer and wise council, by living out Godly lives in front of them; both in word and deed. In doing so, we give them a fighting chance to live a righteous lives that are pleasing to God. There are too many negative influences pulling at them today and trying to pull them away from God. This is where we must take a stand!

I believe one of the reasons I became a Christian later in life was because of the prayers of my grandfather, Virgil Lee Sturgill. He was a poor coal miner, born in Corbin, Kentucky. He raised nine girls on a coal miner’s salary. His wife died at the birth of their youngest child.

As a young boy, we would visit my grandfather several times when he lived in Charlestown, Indiana. He would always tell me, “George, I’m praying for you. One day you will grow up to be a mighty man of God.” During these visits, I would observe and hear him pray while he sat at his little kitchen table - with his open Bible. He definitely lived what he spoke and that’s when anyone is most effective for the Lord.

A special word of appreciation to all grandparents – “Thanks for your faithfulness and dedication in serving the Lord!”

Matthew 5:16, “In the same way, let your light shine before men, that they may see your good deeds and praise your Father in heaven.”

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September 7, 2010

As we approach the 9^th anniversary of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City, it’s hard to believe that it has been nine years. It seems like just yesterday that we were all glued to the TV watching those horrible images. Most people remember exactly where they were and what they were doing on that day.

Few events impact us like the events of 9/11/2001. What are your thoughts of that day? Here is a synopsis of my 9/11 memories:

Memories of the 9/11 World Trade Center Attacks

On the morning of September 11, 2001 my wife Pamela and I got an early start to our day. Since it was my day off work, we decided to go out and enjoy a leisurely breakfast at a local restaurant. As we sat in the diner consuming our food and coffee, something unusual was taking place. A television, with no sound, located in the corner of the dinning room, showed scenes of downtown New York streaming across the screen. Smoke and fire was billowing from one of the towers at the World Trade Center. My first thought was “this must be a new movie.” That initial thought was soon put to rest as a news team appeared. I looked at my wife and brought her attention to the television. “Something’s going on in New York,” I said. The waitress soon came by and told us that a horrible accident had taken place. She said some type of plane had crashed into one of the twin towers. As we watched the picture, the unthinkable happened; another jet impacted the second tower! I told my wife, “This is no accident."

We hurriedly finished our breakfast, got into our car and headed home to our children. We were concerned about them viewing the news and becoming frightened. Thoughts were racing through my mind. Was this the beginning of World War III? This can’t be happening! This was just too unreal! We just wanted to get home to be with our children and get more information.

On the ride home we began to pray. We prayed for the victims and their families. We prayed for the safety of the rescue teams. We prayed for our nation and its leaders. We simply cried out, “Lord, we need you!”

As we discovered the facts of the attack from the car radio, some sobering thoughts came to my mind: how fragile life is and how vulnerable and helpless we are in extreme emergency situations. In an instant, our lives were changed forever. Life in our nation would never be the same again. Things that once seemed so important; money, material possessions, fame, careers and prestige, were now put into their proper perspective. All I wanted to do was to hug my wife and children and tell them, “I love you.”

I was reminded of the scripture in James 4:14, “Why, you do not even know what will happen tomorrow. What is your life? You are a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes.” How true. No matter how long we live, we are only here on Earth for a very short period of time. No one has the promise of tomorrow or even the next breath or heartbeat. On that fateful day, some people were immediately vaporized. They never knew what hit them.

The impact of 9/11 will never go away. However, from that tragedy, my wife, my family and I have learned to appreciate every day and understand what is important and what is not. Time is precious. We try to use it wisely. Every day, we endeavor to focus on that which is lasting and not temporary.

Since the tragedy, we have tried to build stronger bonds and relationships with family and friends. Most importantly, we have worked diligently to become more like Christ and to be an extension of His love to those God places in our path. We receive our security, our hope, our freedom and our fulfillment not in the things of this world, but in the One who made the world.

One of my favorite scriptures is found in Jeremiah 11:29 which says,  “For I know the plans I have for you," declares the Lord, "plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.” That He does!

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August 31, 2010

Recently, my wife and I took a boat cruise along the Detroit River (I found the tickets online at a bargain price - only $8.00 each). It was just a short two hour trip from the city of Wyandotte towards downtown Detroit. While on board, a crew member announced points of interest and recalled the history of the area. For me, the best point of interest was my wife and spending quality time next to her.

Doctor James Dobson, from Focus on the Family, says there are two keys to keeping a relationship strong and vibrant; communication and companionship. Taking the time to do things together, such as a shared experience, is one of the best ways to build closeness and strengthen emotional bonds. In doing so, we create lasting memories.

In the busyness of life, it’s easy to neglect our relationships with loved ones. We begin to take them for granted. We fall into bad habits. Our communication suffers and becomes insufficient. Our shared experiences become few and far between.

Spiritually, we can slip into the same negative habits in our relationship with God. We neglect our prayer life (communication). Our Bible reading and service to the Lord becomes more and more infrequent. After a while, we no longer feel close to God and we become less sensitive to His “voice.” Our closeness (companionship) with Him can turn cold. It normally doesn’t happen over night - it’s a gradual process.

We can, however, break out of these negative cycles by changing our thinking and taking corrective action. We can make concerted efforts each and every day to not be slothful and neglectful when it comes to building relationships. There is nothing more important than spending time with God and our loved ones.

Jesus was once asked, “What is the greatest commandment?” Here is His answer, “Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.' ³¹The second is this: 'Love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no commandment greater than these." Mark 12:30-31

If we faithfully endeavor to follow these two commandments, we will do exceedingly well in all of our relationships.

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August 24, 2010

This week I started working diligently on my “Honey Do” list. There are so many things that need to get done around the house and so little time to do them. Sometimes I think we could use more than 24 hours in a day. Between work, home, church and ministry there’s never a spare moment. Can anyone else relate?

While working on my list I couldn’t help but notice how much “stuff” we accumulate. The basement, garage, closets, bedrooms, and assorted other places are filled with “stuff.” Where did it all come from? The dumpster is arriving tomorrow!

I know we keep things just in case we may use them someday. For most of the items that day never seems to come. So, it’s time to sort it all out into three areas; items to sell, donate and trash. I think the trash man is not going to love us over the next few weeks.

By the way, did you know that God tells us to store up things and He stores up things for us? Yes, He does! Here are a few:

Matthew 6:19-20, “Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. ²⁰But STORE UP for yourselves treasures in heaven, where moth and rust do not destroy, and where thieves do not break in and steal.”

Luke 6:45, “The good man brings good things out of the good STORED UP in his heart, and the evil man brings evil things out of the evil stored up in his heart. For out of the overflow of his heart his mouth speaks.”

Psalm 31:19, “How great is your goodness, which you have STORED UP for those who fear you, which you bestow in the sight of men on those who take refuge in you.”

Proverbs 7:1, “My son, keep my words and STORE UP my commands within you.”

Proverbs 10:14, “Wise men STORE UP knowledge, but the mouth of a fool invites ruin.”

Well, I better get back to work. At least I now know what I’m storing away and what I’m throwing away.

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August 17, 2010

Eight days ago our family had the opportunity to visit the Creation Museum (CM) in Petersburg, Kentucky. It’s a 70,000 square foot museum dedicated to the Biblical account of creation. It was an impressive facility. The CM has a planetarium, live presentations by scientists, special effects shows, camel rides and an outdoor botanical gardens area, with a children’s petting zoo. We highly recommend the museum. If you get the chance, take the time to visit the facility - is well worth the trip.

Since our visit to the center was on a Monday, we thought there would be a light attendance. We couldn’t have been more wrong. We were surprised at the huge crowd that day. People really are hungry for the truth. There is a general misconception that science is contradictory to Biblical teachings. This is far from the truth. Science is merely the study of God’s creation.

Many people fail to realize that the Bible is scientifically accurate, keeping in mind that it was written well before the emergence of modern science. Most secular scientists start out with errant thinking and form their opinions from flawed theories. They are schooled by mentors that discount anything associated with God. Since students tend to think and become like their teachers, they are naturally blinded to Biblical truth. The Bible talks about this in Romans 1:18-25,

¹⁸The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of men who suppress the truth by their wickedness, ¹⁹since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them. ²⁰For since the creation of the world God's invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse. 

²¹For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened.

²²Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools

²³and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images made to look like mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles.

²⁴Therefore God gave them over in the sinful desires of their hearts to sexual impurity for the degrading of their bodies with one another.

²⁵They exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served created things rather than the Creator—who is forever praised. Amen.

Once you know the truth, nothing else will satisfy!

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August 10, 2010

The Bible says in Matthew 24:37, “As it was in the days of Noah, so it will be at the coming of the Son of Man.” Why did God destroy the earth with the flood? The scriptures answer that question in Genesis 6:13, “So God said to Noah, "I am going to put an end to all people, for the earth is filled with violence because of them. I am surely going to destroy both them and the earth.”

I believe the second coming of Jesus will be soon. God hates violence. He won’t put up with it much longer. Look at how much more violent the world has become in our lifetimes. Every day we hear about more murders and senseless acts of violence. In Noah’s day, the world had become so bad that only Noah and his family were considered righteous by God.

When you mention the second coming to people, many laugh and think it’s a joke. Little do they know they are only fulfilling the scriptures. Listen to what 2 Peter 3:3-7 says, “First of all, you must understand that in the last days scoffers will come, scoffing and following their own evil desires. ⁴They will say, "Where is this 'coming' he promised? Ever since our fathers died, everything goes on as it has since the beginning of creation." ⁵But they deliberately forget that long ago by God's word the heavens existed and the earth was formed out of water and by water. ⁶By these waters also the world of that time was deluged and destroyed. ⁷By the same word the present heavens and earth are reserved for fire, being kept for the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men.”
 

God’s plan for the ages will be fulfilled. At times, it may seem like the enemy is winning, but for those who remain faithful to God; trust and serve Him, a glorious day is coming! Isaiah 28:5, “In that day the LORD Almighty will be a glorious crown, a beautiful wreath  for the remnant of his people.” Keep the faith. God always has a true remnant that serves and honors Him with a sincere heart. Are you part of that remnant?

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August 3, 2010

Today is primary election day. In many ways, the primary is extremely important. It determines which candidates will move on to face off in the general election in November.

In the media, we hear a lot about the separation of church and state. This has become a hot issue in recent years. As Christians, what should be our role in politics? Why should Christians vote? After all, aren’t we really citizens of heaven and not of earth? Are we to be good citizens as well as good Christians?

There are at least five good reasons why Christians should vote:

1. God has granted us authority. All authority belongs to God, but He has put human beings on the earth as caretakers. What is our task? According to Jesus in Matthew 28:18-20, we are to go out and make disciples of all nations, teaching them to obey God in every area of life. This includes politics. We must disciple people to make godly decisions about government, and promote the efforts of those who are already doing so.                                                                                                         
2.  We need to stand against evil. St. Augustine said those who are citizens of God's kingdom are best equipped to be citizens of the kingdom of man. The alternative is unthinkable. In the 20th Century, atheistic and secular humanistic leaders gained control of nations all across Europe, Asia and Africa. What was the result? According to historian R. J. Rummel, almost 170 million men, women and children have been brutally murdered by these governments, all in the name of human progress. These facts led historian John Hallowell to note, “Only through a return to faith in God, as God revealed Himself to man in Jesus, can modern man and his society find redemption from the tyranny of evil.”

3.      Christian values contribute positively to society. The Bible’s solutions make sense. It is Christian involvement in government through the ages that gave us hospitals, civil liberties, abolition of slavery, modern science, the elevation of women, regard for human life, great works of art and literature, a workable system of justice, education for common people, the free-enterprise system, and much, much more.

When we see the good that results from applying God's principles, and the horror that results from rejecting them, doesn't it seem cruel and irresponsible to keep Jesus teachings about truth, love and compassion to ourselves? At very least, we should vote to keep OUT of office those who attempt to oppose God's authority.

4. Obedience to authority demands good citizenship. The Apostle Paul in Romans chapter 13 clearly states that we must obey governmental leaders because all authority comes from God. Here's the catch: in America, the people are the leaders! Here, at least, we express our obedience to God by exercising our rights and privileges as citizens. That means voting.

5.      Good citizenship sets an example for generations to come. Those who apply God's principles to government pave the way for generations of blessing. In 1768 a Christian minister named John Witherspoon became president of the College of New Jersey, now Princeton. While there he taught biblical principles of government to his students.

Of the 478 young men who were graduated during his tenure, writes author John Eidsmoe,

“114 became ministers; 13 were state governors; 3 were U. S. Supreme Court judges; 20 were U.S. Senators; 33 were U. S. Congressmen; Aaron Burr, Jr. became Vice-President; and James Madison became President.”

As a Christian, Witherspoon exerted an enormous influence on the direction of American government.

You and I may not have the gifts of John Witherspoon, but we can still make a big difference if we put our minds to it. Pass this on to friends and family, and encourage them to vote in the every election!

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July 27, 2010

One of the most foolish things I have ever heard anyone say is, “I don’t believe there is a God.” In fact, even the Bible says in Psalms 14:1, “The fool says in his heart,   "There is no God." They are corrupt, their deeds are vile; there is no one who does good.”

There are so many evidences that point to an Almighty Creator God. To not see these evidences, a person must be totally blind, not in physical eye sight, but deep within their spirit. Note: See our website for the article, “Why Do I Believe in God.”

Satan, the enemy of God, does everything in his power to blind and deceive people. He tries to pervert and distort our thinking. Satan wants people to believe that everything came about by accident; that chemicals and physical matter were somehow ignited by a spark of energy and “presto,” all life was formed. As for me, it takes a whole lot more faith to believe in that scenario, than to believe in an all powerful, all knowing and ever-present God.

The Bible states in Psalm 19:1, “The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of His hands.” Certainly the evidences of God’s creation are all around us. Gaze at the universe at night with all of its countless galaxies, stars, planets, comets, asteroids and never-ending vastness. Look at the immense diversity of life on the earth; both in plants and animals. Consider the superb intricacies of the human body – with all of its complicated systems and various parts, and how they perfectly interact. These evidences SHOUT of a creator! Believing that all of these came about by accident is totally absurd – it even borders on insanity!

Here are a few things that God’s word says about His creation:

Isaiah 42:5 - “This is what God the LORD says—He who created the heavens and stretched them out, who spread out the earth and all that comes out of it, who gives breath to its people, and life to those who walk on it:”

Colossians 1:16 - “For by Him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things were created by Him and for Him.”

Revelation 4:11 - “You are worthy, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honor and power, for You created all things, and by Your will they were created and have their being.”

Special Note: God can and will forgive every sin we commit - if we sincerely repent and ask for forgiveness. There is only one exception to this rule. If we choose to live out our life completely independent from God - never personally believing in Him and accepting His plan of salvation, we then seal our own fate. That fate is the Second Death - eternal separation from God. This must be avoided at all cost!

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July 20, 2010

There’s a bumper sticker that you see on cars periodically, it reads – “Christians Aren’tPerfect…Just Forgiven.” We all know that Jesus was the only perfect person ever to have lived on the face of the earth. He was perfect because He was God in human form. Jesus was the only person to live a life free from sin.

As followers of Christ, God wants us to strive for perfection in our lives. Matthew 5:48 challenges us, “Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.” When we attempt to reach for perfection, we may become excellent in our lives – now that’s a  worthy accomplishment.

When we enter into a personal relationship with Christ, by accepting Him as Savior and Lord, we are declared “not guilty” and thus “righteous” before God. Even though we will never achieve perfection while here on earth, we can live in such a way that brings great pleasure to our Heavenly Father.

Remember, our growth in Christ is a life-long work in progress. Some days will be better than others. Will we slip-up and regress at times? Absolutely! Nevertheless, as we continue to grow and mature spiritually, we discover how to trust Christ, learn more about Him, draw closer to Him, and obey Him. If we are faithful to “press on,” we are moving towards perfection (Philippians 3:12).

Here’s the good news! When Christ returns to take us into His eternal kingdom, we will be glorified and made completely perfect (Philippians 3:20, 21). All phases of perfection are grounded in faith in Christ and what He has done, not what we can do for Him. We cannot perfect ourselves; only God can work in and through us to “carry it to completion until the day of Christ Jesus.” (Philippians 1:6).

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July 13, 2010

Acts 1:8 proclaims, “But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.”

What does it mean to be a witness for the Lord? When we accept Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord, we become His representatives here on earth. In essence, we are ambassadors for Christ. We are to take on the character and mind of Christ. We are to be His hands extended. We are to “see” as He Sees and “hear” as He hears. This is a lifelong process for us. We are being transformed daily into the image of Christ. When we strive for perfection, we may become excellent. The key is to keep striving!

As believers, when people look at us - they should see Jesus in us. We should appear different than the world. The scriptures tell us in 2 Corinthians 6:17, “Therefore come out from them and be separate, says the Lord.”  We are to be different by separating ourselves from the attitudes, actions, behaviors and distorted thinking of the world. We are to be in the world, but we are not of the world (John 15:19). We are citizens of God’s kingdom, living out our lives in a foreign land. Deuteronomy 14:2 states, “For you are a people holy to the LORD your God. Out of all the peoples on the face of the earth, the LORD has chosen you to be his treasured possession.”

Do you desire to become a more effective in your service to the Lord? Do you want to be a greater witness for Him?

Study God’s word to gain more knowledge and understanding of Him. Pray often to development your personal relationship with God. Have an open and willing spirit to receive instruction from the Lord. Strive to become more like Christ. Learn to have a servant’s heart. Always speak the truth in love. Know that you are not alone in this endeavor. You have the body of Christ for support and Jesus has sent the Holy Spirit to guide, empower and equip you in this worthy task.

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July 6, 2010
My wife, Pamela, and I were married on June 17, 1977. We recently celebrated our 33^rd wedding anniversary. We were not saved at the time. We didn’t give our hearts to the Lord until October of 1980. We both received Jesus as our Savior and Lord at the same time, in our home, at the kitchen table. At that time, some friends of ours were new Christians and they led us to the Lord.

1977 was an interesting year in many aspects. Jimmy Carter was our newly elected president. The World Trade Center (twin towers) was completed in New York City. The first Apple II computers went on sale. The NASA space shuttle made it first test flight from the back of a jetliner.

In pop culture, Elvis Presley died from a heart attack in August of ‘77. The mini series “Roots” was popular on TV. Rock band, The Eagles, released their hit, “Hotel California.” The Bee Gees sang, “How Deep is your Love.” Barbra Streisand released the song, “Evergreen.”

In the film industry; Star Wars, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, A Star is Born, Saturday Night Fever and Rocky were big hits in the theatres.

For our wedding, my wife and I selected the theme song from Rocky to be played. When we mentioned this to people, they appeared shocked. They thought we had lost our minds. At first, even our soloist at the church refused to sing the song at the ceremony – they thought it was not “appropriate” for such an event. Even today, when we tell people about our song choice they either look astonished or laugh.

The soloist changed their mind however, when we presented him with the sheet music -containing the lyrics. You see most people associate “Rocky” with the fighting and violence that goes with boxing. On the other hand, the movie is actually a great story of love and devotion between Rocky (Sylvester Stallone) and his girlfriend Adrian (Talia Shire).

Click on the link below to have a listen. After hearing the theme song, we’re sure you’ll understand why this was our selection.

Theme from Rocky – “You Take My Heart Away”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-jKTakowgho

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June 29, 2010
Now that summer is officially here, many individuals and families will be taking their annual vacations. It’s great to get away from our normal routines and spend some quality time together with family and friends. We all work so hard throughout the year just earning a living – we need some time to relax, unwind and refocus.

Even Jesus took the time to get away from the pressures of His ministry. Sometimes He would go by Himself, and other times He would take three of His closest disciples with Him; Peter, James and John. Even though Jesus was away physically, He was never out of the presence of His Heavenly Father. In fact, Jesus used these times to press in spiritually, recharge and draw closer to God the Father. Jesus would pray and fast often.

In our times of refreshing, let’s not forget to involve God in everything we do. He desires to be included in every aspect of our lives. When we diligently seek Him, He will reward us physically, mentally and spiritually (Hebrews 11:6).

If you are going to the Orlando, Florida area - check out this wonderful family attraction:

The Holy Land Experience – Website: http://www.holylandexperience.com/

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June 22, 2010
Every day we face struggles; both natural and spiritual. As Christians we do not fight these battles alone. God is with us. He is on our side. The scriptures tell us, “…If God be for us, who can be against us? (Romans 8:31) We can overcome all trials and struggles if we abide in Christ.

One way to abide in Christ is to think like Him (Philippians 2:5). More often than not, we are guilty of avoiding the extreme sins while regularly committing the types of sins with which Jesus was most concerned. Here are six examples that exemplify our real struggles with sin. Jesus pointed out what kind of lives would be required of His followers. Are you living as Jesus taught? 

Six Ways to Think Like Christ

Example        It’s Not Enough to:                  We Must Also:                

Murder         Avoid Killing                               Avoid Anger and Hatred

Offerings       Offer Regular Gifts                   Have Right Relationships with God and                                                                                               Others

Adultery         Avoid Adultery                          Keep our Hearts from Lusting and Be                                                                                                Faithful          

Divorce           Be Legally Married                  Live Out our Marriage Commitments

Revenge      Seek Justice for Ourselves          Show Mercy and Love to Others     

When we think like Jesus, we become more like Him.

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June 15, 2010
Yesterday, June 14, was Flag Day. The flag is the symbol of our nation. It stands for the values, principles and freedoms that we all cherish so dearly. As Americans we are to respect and honor the flag. We are to remember and honor those who have sacrificed their very lives to keep our nation moving forward. Even with all of its problems and flaws, the United States of America is still the greatest nation in the world. Let’s all do our part to build it up, implement improvements and work together to find solutions to its problems.

As Christians, I believe we are to be good citizens as well as passionate believers in Christ. We should participate in our society; working to keep Godly principles alive and well in every area of our nation. While we are still in the world, we can have a tremendous impact by standing up for what is good and right in the eyes of the Lord. We can be God’s ambassadors.

We should pray daily for our nation, and its leaders. We should obey and support our governing authorities (see Romans 13:1-7). We should exercise our right to vote and make sound choices when it comes to electing our local, state and national leaders. Let’s do all that we can to protect and expand our freedoms and keep the American dream alive.

1 Timothy 2:1-4, “I urge, then, first of all, that requests, prayers, intercession and thanksgiving be made for everyone— ²for kings and all those in authority, that we may live peaceful and quiet lives in all godliness and holiness. ³This is good, and pleases God our Savior, ⁴who wants all men to be saved and to come to a knowledge of the truth.” 

To learn more about the history of National Flag Day click on this link: http://www.usflag.org/history/flagday.html

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June 8, 2010
When I was a young boy my mother used to say, “The older you get the faster time goes by.” Now that I have gotten older, her words ring more true than ever. Time does seem to speed up with age. Maybe it’s because we are much more aware of time. Time is short and very precious. Once it is gone we can never get it back. Psalm 39:5 says, “You have made my days a mere handbreadth; the span of my years is as nothing before you. Each man's life is but a breath.” Selah

As adults, we recognize we are definitely limited by time and space. Everything we do tends to revolve around time schedules (places to go, people to see, things to do). There never seems to be enough time in the day to accomplish the things that need to get done. This is where setting priorities come in to play; concentrating on that which is truly important and “attempting” not to waste any time.

Eternity will change all of that. Have you ever thought of what it will be like when the constraints of time and space are removed? When we leave this world and go on to be with the Lord it will be totally different. The Bible gives us a glimpse into what eternity will be like. I don’t believe we will fully comprehend this new state until we are actually there. Check out these passages for a little “hint” into what the future holds for all true believers:

A place prepared for us. John 14:2,3

Unlimited by physical properties. John 20:19, 26 – 1 Corinthians 15:35-49

We will be like Jesus. 1 John 3:2

We will have new bodies. 1 Corinthians 15

Our experience will be wonderful. 1 Corinthians 2:9

A new environment. Revelation 21:1

A new experience of God’s presence. Revelation 21:3 – 1 Corinthians 13:12

New emotions. Revelation 21:4

There will be no more death. Revelation 21:4

When we are in God’s presence it will be greater than we could ever think or imagine. Hope to see you there!

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June 1, 2010
We’re back from our trip to Florida. Rachel’s graduation ceremonies went great. While in Florida we had the opportunity to relax and visit some attractions. We especially enjoyed the Holy Land Experience and the Kennedy Space Center. They are reasonably priced and definitely worth the time. Check them out. Here are the web links:

Holy Land Experience - http://www.holylandexperience.com/

Kennedy Space Center - http://www.kennedyspacecenter.com/

Now to this Weeks Devotion

I’m sure as parents, grandparents and members of the body of Christ we all want to pass on a Godly heritage to our loved ones. That’s why it is important for us to maintain a personal and quality relationship with God. People, especially our family members, are always watching us to see how we respond to life’s challenges and struggles.

There is no greater gift we can give to someone than the sharing of our faith. There is no greater feeling of satisfaction than knowing a positive impact has been made in the life of another.

Being the father of five children, nothing pleases me more than seeing Godly characteristics being utilized in the lives of my children; watching them mature and grow into people with integrity and high standards. It’s a great pleasure to see Godly values and wisdom at work in their lives. The Bible says in Proverbs 22:6, “Train a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not turn from it.” When we are faithful to be obedient to God and honor His word, God’s promises are applied to us and will be at work in all of our lives. In Proverbs 20:7 we are also told, “The righteous man leads a blameless life; blessed are his children after him.” That’s why we must be good role models for our children.

King David gave his son Solomon principles to guide him through life (see 1 Chronicles 28:8). These same ideas are the ones that any Christian parent would want to present to a child: 1) Get to know God in a personal way. 2) Learn God’s commands and discover what He wants you to do. 3) Worship God with wholehearted devotion. 4) Serve God with a willing mind. 5) Be faithful. 6) Do not become discouraged.

King David was called “A Man after God’s Own Heart.” David was far from perfect -he made lots of poor choices. That fact gives all of us hope.

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May 18, 2010
Living in the United Sates of America - we are a blessed people. We have great freedoms. Most of us have plenty of the essentials; food, clothing, housing, transportation and an abundance of other things. When compared to some parts of our world, most of us would be considered quite wealthy. Don’t get me wrong – we certainly have our share of problems, but there are resources available to us that are not found elsewhere.

Many times there are dangers in having plenty and being satisfied. We become complacent and feel we don’t need God. This is a lie from the enemy. We need the Lord – perhaps more than ever. The Bible is filled with numerous examples of people having an easy life and then giving in to temptation and eventually falling away from God. Here are a few examples for scripture:

Genesis 3 – Adam lived in a perfect world and had a perfect relationship with God. His needs were completely met; he had everything. But he fell to Satan’s deception.

Genesis 9 – Noah and his family had survived the flood and the whole world was theirs. They were prosperous, and life was easy. Noah shamed himself by becoming drunk and cursed his son Ham.

Judges 2 – God had given Israel the Promised Land – rest at last with no more wandering. But as soon as brave and faithful Joshua died, they fell into the adulterous practices of the Canaanites.

2 Samuel 11 – David ruled well, and Israel was a dominant nation, politically, economically, and militarily.  In the midst of prosperity and success; he committed adultery with Bathsheba and had he husband Uriah murdered.

1 Kings 11 – Solomon truly had it all; power, wealth, fame, and wisdom. But his very abundance was the source of his downfall. He loved his pagan, idolatrous wives so much that he allowed himself and Israel to copy their detestable religious rites.

Lord help us to learn from the mistakes of others. May we always trust in you and never forget that you are the source of wisdom, abundance, strength and blessings.

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May 11, 2010
Last week, a man that I admired greatly went home to be with the Lord. Ernie Harwell, the “voice of the Detroit Tigers” for 42 years died of cancer at the age of 92. Even though I never met Ernie in person, I viewed him as a friend and a brother in the Lord.

As a young boy, I loved watching, playing and listening to baseball games. On many summer nights, I would lie in bed, enjoy the warm breeze coming in through my window and listen to the Tiger games on my radio - often until falling asleep. Since I was an only child, I found the voices of George Kell and Ernie Harwell to be good company and very comforting in the darkness of night.

Frequently, I would dress up in my Detroit Tigers uniform and baseball cap with bat in hand and imagine myself playing in a big game at the stadium. I would repeat some of Ernie’s famous sayings – “It’s looooong, goooooone!” or “There he stood like a house by the side of the road and watched the ball go by.” 

Later in life, I learned of Ernie’s solid faith in Jesus. As it turned out, he was never shy about sharing his love and devotion for God. Ernie was said to be a humble man. He would always honor his fans and make them feel like the special ones. At the stadium, he would greet all of the employees there by name; the vendors, maintenance staff, security guards, players and take a genuine interest in them.

Ernie Harwell was truly a great ambassador for Christ; sharing the love of God wherever he went. He will be missed. He touched thousands of lives during his lifetime, one of which was mine.

Ernie Harwell Quotes:

“I praise the Lord here today. I know that all my talent and all my ability comes from him, and without him I’m nothing and I thank him for his great blessing.”

After hearing about his terminal cancer: “I’m ready to face what comes. Whether it’s a long time or a short time is all right with me because it’s up to my Lord and Savior.”

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May 4, 2010
This past week I was thinking of what it means to be successful in life. What is true and meaningful success? Many times we look at the person who has great wealth and fame and say, “Wow, they’ve got it all!” We see the corporate CEO, sports superstar or movie actor/actress with all of their material wealth and notoriety and say, “They are truly on top of the world!” “They’re living the perfect life.”

So, how do we really measure the success of a person? Is it measured by the amount of money they make? Is it based on the size of their house or the type of car they drive? Perhaps it’s dependant on the amount of stocks and investments they own, or the number of vacations they are able to take each year.

May I offer a different perspective on success? Attaining success in life and a good reputation (your name) go hand in hand. Mark 8:36 says, “What good is it for a man to gain the whole world, yet forfeit his soul?”

Here is success in God’s eyes: Joshua 1:8 Do not let this Book of the Law depart from your mouth; meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to do everything written in it. Then you will be prosperous and successful.

Tips for Success and a Good Reputation from the Book of Proverbs:

Seek righteousness (10:7, 12:3, 28:12), Hate what is false (13:5), Commit all work to the Lord (16:3), Use words with restraint; be even tempered (17:27, 28), Love wisdom and understanding (19:8), Be humble and fear the Lord (22:4), Be willing to confess and renounce sin (28:13).

When our life on earth is done, it will be our relationships that will last – not the things we accumulate. Remember, we are to use things and love people – not use people and love things.

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April 20, 2010
This Thursday is the celebration of Earth Day. This event was started 40 years ago on April 22, 1970. It began as a movement for conservation; protecting the planet's natural resources, the protection of wilderness and animals. Back then, there wasn’t a great concern for urban issues such as industrial pollution, urban sprawl or urban decay. Now things have changed. Most everyone is involved with recycling, alternative energies and “green” issues.

In the beginning, God placed man as a steward over the earth. He gave mankind the responsibility of taking care of this physical world (Genesis 1:26-28).  The Bible says in Psalm 24, “The earth is the Lord's, and the fullness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein.” In other words, God owns everything because He envisioned and then created everything. As Christians and inhabitants of the earth, I believe we should do our best to take care of God’s creation and treat it with the utmost respect; after all, we do have to live here for a little while longer.

In the end, when all of the efforts of man fail because of greed, lack of concern, selfishness and carelessness - don’t worry. God will take control of the situation. He has promised to give us a new heaven and a new earth and God always keeps His word. In 2 Peter 3:13 He says, “But in keeping with His promise we are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth, the home of righteousness.”  

No matter how much we mess up this planet, in the end, God will make all things right. Until then, remember to seek and keep the Creator first - above His creation.

For more information on the history of Earth Day - Visit this website:

http://www.history.com/topics/earth-day

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April 13, 2010
As we look around at the state of our nation and world today, we may feel ourselves becoming discouraged and fearful. After all, the economy is still down the tubes. Many families are struggling just to survive. Political corruption is running rampant. There is a gross disrespect and even mocking of Godly values and character. Famine and disease are wreaking havoc. Wars are everywhere - without an end in sight. Society is experiencing an increase in violent acts and criminal activity. The weather is wacky - seemingly out of control. Earthquakes are causing devastation all over the globe. Do you find yourself crying out to God, “Lord, what’s going on?”

Jesus warned us that these types of conditions would come in the last days (see Matthew 24, Luke 21, 2 Timothy 3, 2 Peter 3, 1 Thessalonians 5:1-9). Take heart and keep the faith. God is still in control. His plan of redemption and restoration will be completely fulfilled. The earth is getting ready for a dramatic change; Jesus called it “birthing pains.” A new heaven and a new earth are about to break forth on the scene. All that was lost in the fall of Adam will be completely restored, because of the work of the “second Adam,” the Lord Jesus Christ.

The Bible records for us the beginning and the end of the world. It contains the story of mankind, from beginning to end – from the fall into sin to redemption. It proclaims God’s ultimate victory over evil. All is found in the pages of the Bible. Let’s take a look at what is about to be fulfilled:

Book of Genesis (Beginnings)        Book of Revelation (Endings)

The sun is created…The sun is not needed

Satan is victorious…Satan is defeated

Sin enters the human race…Sin is banished

People run and hide from God…People are invited to live with God forever

People are cursed…The curse is removed

Tears are shed, with sorrow for sin…No more sin, no more tears or sorrow                             

The garden and earth are cursed…God’s city is glorified, the earth is made new

The fruit from the tree of life is not to be eaten…God’s people may eat from the tree

Paradise is lost…Paradise is regained

People are doomed to death…Death is defeated, believers live forever with God                                                          

For those who stay with God, victory is assured! There is a bright and glorious future just around the corner.

Want to do more research on the end times? Check out this website…

http://www.jeremiahproject.com/prophecy/signofthetimes.html

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April 6, 2010
I trust everyone had a blessed Easter holiday. During the Easter season, I am always reminded of the immense love our God has for us. He cared enough to send His One and Only Son into the world to save us from our sin. Jesus was brutally beaten (beyond recognition), nailed to a wooden cross and left to suffer and die a horrible death for all of us. This is the world’s most amazing love story. 

Most people know that God is love (1John 4:8). Yet, many forget that God also exhibits hatred. We know that God hates Satan and the demonic world, but what type of other things does God hate? In the book of Proverbs (also known as the book of Wisdom) written by King Solomon, we are given a list of fourteen actions or behaviors that are hated by God. Here they are:

Proverbs 3:31 - Violent people.

Proverbs 6:16-19 – Haughtiness, lying, murdering, scheming, eagerness to do evil, a false witness, stirring up dissention.

Proverbs 12:22 – Those who are untruthful.

Proverbs15:8 – The sacrifice of the wicked.

Proverbs 15:26 – The thoughts of the wicked.

Proverbs 16:5 – Those who are proud.

Proverbs 17:15 – Those who judge unjustly.

Let these be guidelines for what we are not to be and do.

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March 30, 2010
This coming weekend is Easter Sunday. For many people, Easter is associated with the beginning of spring, hand-decorated eggs, a furry bunny, sugar-coated marshmallow chicks, decorated gift baskets, parades, chocolate bunnies, Cadbury eggs, Honey-Baked hams and children’s egg hunts. While it is certainly fine to have fun with these types of things and traditions, let us not neglect nor forget the true reason for the holiday. Easter celebrates the glorious and miraculous Resurrection of the Lord Jesus Christ.

The Resurrection is without a doubt the single most significant event in the history of mankind and the absolute foundation of Christianity. Without the Resurrection, Christianity becomes just another man-made and powerless religion in a list of many. However, the Bible says in First Corinthians 15:20-23, “But Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep. ²¹For since death came through a man, the resurrection of the dead comes also through a man. ²²For as in Adam all die, so in Christ all will be made alive. ²³But each in his own turn: Christ, the firstfruits; then, when he comes, those who belong to him.”

In other words, because Christ overcame the grave and lives - we shall also live! For whosoever that puts their faith and trust in the Lord will be rewarded with the gift of eternal life. Have a blessed Easter Sunday. Pamela and I wish you and your loved ones a “Happy Resurrection Day!”

Here’s a link to a great website by Josh McDowell – Evidence for the Resurrection

http://www.leaderu.com/everystudent/easter/articles/josh2.html

Click on this link to watch this amazing music video by Don and Wendy Francisco – “He’s Alive!”             

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIndrry40Ks

Bible Study Research Tools

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History of the Bible (A Brief Explanation)

The history of the Bible starts with a phenomenal account of history! It's not one book like I always thought -- It's an ancient collection of writings, comprised of 66 separate books, written over approximately 1,600 years, by at least 40 distinct authors. The Old Testament contains 39 books written from approximately 1500 to 400 BC, and the New Testament contains 27 books written from approximately 40 to 90 AD. The Jewish Bible (Tanakh) is the same as the Christian Old Testament, except for its book arrangement. The original Old Testament was written mainly in Hebrew, with some Aramaic, while the original New Testament was written in common Greek.

The history of the "Bible" begins with the Jewish Scriptures. The historical record of the Jews was written down on leather scrolls and tablets over centuries, and the authors included kings, shepherds, prophets and other leaders. The first five books are called the Law, which were written and/or edited primarily by Moses in the early 1400's BC. Thereafter, other scriptural texts were written and collected by the Jewish people during the next 1,000 years. About 450 BC, the Law and the other Jewish Scriptures were arranged by councils of rabbis (Jewish teachers), who then recognized the complete set as the inspired and sacred authority of God (Elohim). At some time during this period, the books of the Hebrew Bible were arranged by topic, including The Law (Torah), the Prophets (Nebiim), and the Writings (Ketubim). The first letters of these Hebrew words - T, N and K -- form the name of the Hebrew Bible - the Tanakh.

Beginning as early as 250 BC, the Hebrew Bible was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars in Alexandria, Egypt. This translation became known as the "Septuagint", meaning 70, and referring to the tradition that 70 (probably 72) men comprised the translation team. It was during this process that the order of the books was changed to the order we have in today's Bible: Historical (Genesis - Esther), poetic (Job - Song of Songs), and prophetic (Isaiah - Malachi).

Although the Jewish Scriptures were copied by hand, they were extremely accurate copy to copy. The Jews had a phenomenal system of scribes, who developed intricate and ritualistic methods for counting letters, words and paragraphs to insure that no copying errors were made. These scribes dedicated their entire lives to preserving the accuracy of the holy books. A single copy error would require the immediate destruction of the entire scroll. In fact, Jewish scribal tradition was maintained until the invention of the printing press in the mid-1400's AD. As far as manuscript accuracy, the recent discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls has confirmed the remarkable reliability of this scribal system over thousands of years.

After approximately 400 years of scriptural silence, Jesus arrived on the scene in about 4 BC. Throughout his teaching, Jesus often quotes the Old Testament, declaring that he did not come to destroy the Jewish Scriptures, but to fulfill them. In the Book of Luke, Jesus proclaims to his disciples, "all things must be fulfilled which were written in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms concerning Me."

Starting in about 40 AD, and continuing to about 90 AD, the eye-witnesses to the life of Jesus, including Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Paul, James, Peter and Jude, wrote the Gospels, letters and books that became the Bible's New Testament. These authors quote from 31 books of the Old Testament, and widely circulate their material so that by about 150 AD, early Christians were referring to the entire set of writings as the "New Covenant." During the 200s AD, the original writings were translated from Greek into Latin, Coptic (Egypt) and Syriac (Syria), and widely disseminated as "inspired scripture" throughout the Roman Empire (and beyond).  In 397 AD, in an effort to protect the scriptures from various heresies and offshoot religious movements, the current 27 books of the New Testament were formally and finally confirmed and "canonized" in the Synod of Carthage.



Hebrews 4:12
For the word of God is living and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart.

Known Writers of the Bible

THE FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF KNOWN WRITERS OF BOTH THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS OF THE BIBLE:

Old Testament:

Moses - Joshua - Samuel - Jeremiah - Ezra - Men of the Great Synagogue- King David - Heman the Ezrahite - Ethan the Ezrahite - Asaph- The sons of Korah - King Solomon - Isaiah - Ezekiel - Daniel - Hosea - Joel- Amos - Obadiah - Jonah - Micah - Nahum - Habakkuk - Zephaniah - Haggai- Zechariah - Malachi

New Testament:

Of the twelve original apostles of Christ Jesus:

Matthew - John - Peter

Not of the twelve original apostles of Christ Jesus:

John Mark - Luke - James - Jude - Saul (Paul)

Bible Versions History & Comparisons

Background

The Old Testament (OT) of the Bible was originally written in the Hebrew language with a few sections written in the Aramaic language. The OT contains the sacred writings of the Hebrews and contains books of the Law, history of Israel, wisdom, and prophecy. The events of the OT (excluding Genesis 1-11) occurred roughly between 1800 B.C. and 400 B.C. A Greek translation of the OT, called the Septuagint, was produced between 200 and 100 B.C. for the benefit of Greek-speaking Jews in Alexandria, Egypt.

The Apocrypha, a group of fifteen late OT books, was written during the period 170 B.C. to 70 A.D. These Jewish books were included in many versions of the Septuagint in circulation as the New Testament (NT) was being formed, but they were excluded from the official canon of Judaism, established about 100 A.D. Today, the books of the Apocrypha are included in Catholic versions of the OT, but not in most Protestant versions.

The people of first century Palestine, including Jesus, spoke the Aramaic language. However, early Christian writings were written entirely in Greek, the universal language of the Roman Empire at that time. The early church leaders gradually assembled these writings into what is now known as the New Testament. They included books they believed were written by eyewitnesses to the events narrated, while rejecting many other early Christian writings. Eventually, the 27 books which form the present New Testament, along with the OT books, became the Christian Bible as we know it today. The New Testament canon was formally adopted by the Synod of Carthage in 397 A.D.

During the early centuries A.D., Latin replaced Greek as the language of the Roman Empire. In 405, a Latin translation of the Old and New Testaments was completed. This version, known as the Vulgate, became the standard Bible of Christianity for many centuries.

None of the original manuscripts of the OT or NT still exist. Until the 15th century, when printing was invented, Bible copies were made entirely by hand. As a result, many small variations are found among the many ancient Bible manuscripts still in existence.

The King James Version

The first English language version of the full Bible was John Wycliffe's translation of the Vulgate in 1384. Several other English versions followed, and the beloved King James version was published in 1611. The King James Version, itself, has been updated several times: in 1629, 1638, 1762, and 1769.

The team of 47 scholars who translated the KJV version did an excellent job. However, the English language has changed a lot in the nearly 400 years since it was published. Many KJV words and phrases, such as Lord of hosts, sabaoth, emerods and concupiscence, would not be meaningful to to most people today. Worse, many other KJV words, such as charity, trespass, profit, cousin, and remission, have different primary meanings today than they did in 1611 and could mislead the reader. As a result, many English-speaking people find the KJV is quite difficult to read and understand.

Some people believe the KJV is the most accurate or only authentic version of the Bible. Some believe the Hebrew and Greek manuscripts the KJV translators worked from were faithfully preserved by God or are the most accurate for some other reason. Others say the translators of all later versions were biased or incompetent in one way or another. Still others say the KJV is a literal and accurate translation while later versions were rewritten to suit the biases of the publishers. However, the vast majority of Bible scholars and Christians reject all these objections as being based on faulty facts and reasoning, and they do not consider the KJV to be more accurate or more sacred than other translations.

Modern Bible Versions

Recent developments in archaeology and Biblical scholarship have made possible a number of modern, more accurate English translations of the scriptures. These newer versions are translated from the best available ancient Hebrew and Greek manuscripts, rather than from the King James version or the Latin Vulgate.

Although the newer translations are believed to be more accurate than the KJV, the differences are minor. No significant changes of belief or interpretation would result from the many minor corrections. The main advantage of the modern translations is that they are written in modern English so the reader will not be mystified or misled by the archaic English of the KJV. The mainstream modern Bible versions have been translated by teams of devout Bible scholars who have prayerfully done their very best to convey the true meaning of the ancient Hebrew and Greek manuscripts to the modern reader. These modern translations have been adopted by many churches, both Protestant and Catholic, for use in worship.

It is often pointed out that modern translations omit a few of the verses found in the KJV, and this is sometimes believed to be an attempt to distort the Bible's teachings. However, the reason is that certain verses are not found in the oldest and best Bible manuscripts. Thus, they are omitted to accurately preserve the original Bible text. (The chapter and verse numbers were added to the Bible in the Middle Ages; they were not part of the original Bible manuscripts. Thus, an omitted verse does not mean that something was omitted from the original texts.)

Some of these extra verses were added to certain manuscript copies as margin notes or as prayers for use in public worship. Those manuscripts were then copied and recopied without making it clear that the extra verses were later additions. The most famous example is the doxology, "For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever. Amen." that the KJV adds to the Lord's Prayer in Matthew 6:13. That phrase is not found is any of the oldest manuscripts of Matthew.

Another objection to some modern versions, such as the New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) and Today's New International Version (TNIV), is the use of gender-inclusive language. The issue arises because English lacks a common gender third person singular pronoun. Language that applies equally to men and women in the original Hebrew and Greek manuscripts has traditionally been translated as "he" or "him" in English Bibles. However, that can leave the mistaken impression that a verse applies only to men. Such verses have been phrased in some modern translations to accurately convey the gender-inclusive sense of the original manuscripts. The KJV translates John 13:20 as, "Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that receiveth whomsoever I send receiveth me; and he that receiveth me receiveth him that sent me." The NRSV changes the "he" to "whoever" to show that the original text applied equally to men and women, but the "him" that applies to God is left as masculine: "Very truly, I tell you, whoever receives one whom I send receives me; and whoever receives me receives him who sent me."

It is also traditional in English to use masculine gender as a generic form to include both sexes. So, Romans 3:28 has traditionally been translated into English as "a man is justified by faith." However, the original Greek word, anthropos, means "human being" and applies equally to both sexes. So, the NRSV and TNIV have translated this verse as "a person is justified by faith" to accurately reflect the inclusive nature of the original Greek word.

Publishers of gender-inclusive Bibles are quick to point out that these are not "politically correct" or "feminist" Bibles. They have used gender-inclusive language only where it would have been understood that way in the original Hebrew and Greek languages.

Here is a list of some excellent modern translations, in alphabetical order:

The New American Bible, published in 1970, is the Catholic version of the Bible written in very modern English. The books of the Apocrypha are incorporated into the Old Testament of Catholic Bibles. Otherwise, this translation does not differ significantly from modern Protestant Bibles.

The New American Standard Bible, published in 1971, is a scholarly update of the 1901 American Standard Version. Sponsored by the Lockman Foundation, the translators used the best available Greek and Hebrew texts as a guide.

The New International Version of the Bible, a completely new translation of ancient Greek and Hebrew texts sponsored by the New York International Bible Society, was published in 1978. Its clear, direct modern English makes it easy to read and understand.

The New King James Version was published in 1982. The translators worked from the earliest and most trustworthy Hebrew and Greek texts available and also used the 1769 King James revision as a general guide to preserve much of the majestic style of the original King James Version.

The New Revised Standard Version Bible, published by The National Council of Churches in 1989, is an update of the highly regarded Revised Standard Version of 1952. The language is very modern, but the style is more traditional than the NIV.

The Revised English Bible is a British edition published by Oxford University Press in 1989. The translators have written in a style suitable for use in worship, while maintaining intelligibility for people of a wide range of ages and backgrounds.

In addition to the translations above, there are a number of paraphrased Bible versions which were translated "thought-by-thought" instead of word-by-word. The translators have written in a style that is thoroughly modern and these Bibles are suitable for all ages and very easy to understand. By nature, though, these paraphrased versions involve some interpretation that is subject to debate:

The Living Bible, published in 1971, is a popular paraphrased version written by Kenneth N. Taylor, who began this version to help his own children understand the New Testament Letters of Paul.

The New Living Translation, published in 1996, is a thought-by-thought translation by 90 Bible scholars from various theological backgrounds and denominations. It is similar to The Living Bible, but the language is more traditional.

The Dead Sea Scrolls

The Dead Sea Scrolls were initially discovered by Bedouin herders and then by archaeologists between 1947 and 1956 in 11 caves near Khirbet Qumran, on the northwestern shores of the Dead Sea in Israel. Thousands of fragments were discovered and pieced together into over 900 separate documents including biblical books, hymns, prayers, and other important writings.

The Dead Sea Scrolls date from 250 BCE to 68 CE. Among them are some 230 biblical manuscripts representing nearly every book in the Hebrew Bible; more than 1000 years older than any previously known copies. There are also apocryphal manuscripts (texts excluded from the biblical canon) previously known only in translation or not at all.

Most scholars believe the scrolls were copied and composed by a group that broke away from mainstream Judaism to live a communal life at Qumran. This group, known to us from ancient writers, saw themselves as the "true Israel" and viewed those living in Jerusalem, including the priesthood at the Temple, as corrupt. The sectarian scrolls—non-biblical texts—reflect a wide variety of literary genres: biblical commentary, religious legal writings, liturgical (prayer) texts, and compositions that predict a coming apocalypse. They reveal the fascinating transition between the ancient religion of the Bible and Rabbinic Judaism and Christianity.

When the Romans invaded Qumran around 68 CE, the community hid their manuscripts in nearby caves. Their brand of Judaism did not survive the destruction, though many of their practices made their way into both Judaism and Christianity.

The Dead Sea Scrolls are widely acknowledged to be among the greatest archaeological treasures linking us to the ancient Middle East, and to the formative years of Rabbinic Judaism and Christianity.

 

Revelation 22:1  The River of Life

Then the angel showed me the river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb.

Summary of the Books of the Bible

THE OLD TESTAMENT

There are 39 books in the Old Testament, generally separated into 4 divisions:

The Pentateuch, traditionally designated as the 5 books of Moses.

Historical Books, number 12, from Joshua to Esther.

Poetical Books, number 5, from Job to Song of Solomon.

Prophetical Books, including the writings of the 5 Major Prophets, from Isaiah to Daniel, and the 12 Minor Prophets from Hosea to Malachi.

THE NEW TESTAMENT

There are 27 books in the New Testament, generally separated into 4 divisions:

The Gospels

Historical Books

Doctrinal Books

Prophetical Book

THE PENTATEUCH

GENESIS

The word "genesis" signifies "generation" or "origin" and comes from the Greek translation of Genesis 2:4. It is an appropriate title for the first book of the Bible, which contains the record of the origin of the universe, the human race, family life, nations, sin redemption, etc. The first 11 chapters, which deal with primeval or pre-Patriarchal times, present the antecedents of Hebrew history from Adam to Abraham. The remaining chapters (12 - 50) are concerned with God’s dealings with the Patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and Jacob’s son Joseph, all "fathers" of the people whom God has chosen to carry out His plan for the redemption of mankind. The book closes with these "Chosen People" in Egypt.

EXODUS

The name means "going out" or departure". While it refers to one of the most important events of the book, the Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt, other highly significant events are also found here, such as the oppression of the Chosen People in Egypt, the flight and call of Moses, and God’s covenant with the nation Israel at Sinai - an experience climaxed by His giving of the moral law (Ten Commandments) through Moses to the people. A code of secular laws is also included, and the latter part of the book contains an elaborate description of the sacred Ark of the Covenant and its ten (tabernacle), God’s place of dwelling among His people.

LEVITICUS

This book was so named because it treats of laws of service and worship of special importance to the Tribe of Levi. It has been aptly called "the Handbook of the Priests". Many basic precepts of the New Testament are foreshadowed in this book, such as the seriousness of sin in God’s sight, the necessity of atonement for sin, the holiness of God, and the necessity of a mediator between God and man.

NUMBERS

The name of this book originated from the two numberings of the people related in it: the first at Sinai in the second year of the Exodus and another on the plains of Moab opposite Jericho in the 40th year. A better title is the one give by the Hebrew themselves, Bemidhbar ( "In the Wilderness"), for it describes the locale of the major events of the book. In all these events, the writer sees the guiding hand of God, sustaining, delivering, and keeping covenant with His people, as He prepares them for entrance into the land promised first to Abraham (Gen. 12:1ff).

DEUTERONOMY

The final book of the Pentateuch derives its English name from the Greek work deuteronomion, meaning the "second law", or the "law repeated". Deuteronomy is essentially Moses’ farewell address(es) to a new generation in which he summons them to hear the law of God, to be instructed in the application of its principles to the new circumstances awaiting them, and to renew intelligently the covenant God had made with their fathers - a covenant that must be faithfully observed as the condition of God’s blessings upon them in the Promised Land.

THE HISTORICAL BOOKS

JOSHUA

This book serves as the connecting link between the Pentateuch and the later historical books; it name is derived from the principal character, Joshua. Chapters 1 to 23 describe the conquest of the land and it division among the tribes of Israel. In the final chapters (23-24), Joshua, somewhat after the fashion of Moses, exhorts the people in a series of farewell addresses "to keep and to do all that is written in the book of the law of Moses," and solemnly challenges them to the renewal of their covenant commitment to God.

JUDGES

Named after the "Judges of Israel," the heroic leaders whose deeds it records, this book covers a period of time from the death of Joshua to the birth of Samuel, an era often called "the dark ages" of Hebrew history. Here is a story, on the human side, of disobedience and disaster, and on the divine side, of direction and deliverance. Of the 13 judges named, only 3 are well known: Deborah, Gideon, and Samson.

RUTH

The Book of Ruth offers a striking contrast to the Book of Judges, but its story is associated with the same period. In Judges, national sin and corruption portray a dark picture. The story of Ruth the Moabitess and her loyalty and devotion to Naomi, her Hebrew mother-in-law, presents the reader with a picture of the nobler side of Hebrew life in the days of the judges.

I and II SAMUEL

These books were named after Samuel, not only because he is the principal figure in the first part, but also because he anointed the two other principal characters, Saul and David. Originally a single book which was divided when translated into Greek, the books of Samuel cover a period of time in Israel’s history from the birth of Samuel to the close of the reign of David. First Samuel presents the transition from Israel’s judges to the monarchy. Second Samuel deals almost exclusively with the history of David and presents a vivid picture of the theocratic monarchy in which the king represents God’s rule over the people.

I and II KINGS

These books are the sequel to I and II Samuel and should be read as a continuation of the history of the Hebrew nation contained in the former work. Originally one book, I and II kings relate the history of Israel form the last days of David to the destruction of the northern kingdom, Israel, in 721 B.C., and to the fall of the southern kingdom, Judah, in 586 B.C. This is the period of Israel’s glory, division, decline, and fall.

I and II CHRONICLES

In the Hebrew Canon these books formed a single volume called "Things of the days" (i.e., annals). The translators of the Greek Septuagint Version gave them the title, Paraleipomena, meaning "things left over", implying their use as a supplement to Samuel and Kings. Jerome (c. A.D. 340-420) called them "a chronicle of the whole and sacred history" from Adam to Cyrus (538 B.C.), hence their English name. Actually, Chronicles is a summary of Hebrew history that duplicates much of Samuel and Kings.

EZRA and NEHEMIAH

Written originally as one book, these two books describe the return of the Jewish exiles after more than a half-century of bondage in Babylon, and the subsequent restoration of Jerusalem, its Temple and it walls. Ezra and Nehemiah are of special importance, since they contain nearly all of the direct information known of the post-Exilic period of Hebrew history.

ESTHER

The Book of Esther, in the form of a short story similar to the Book of Ruth, has its setting in the palace of Shushan, or Susa, one of the three capitals of the Persian Empire. The story gives us a vivid picture of the Jews in exile, of the hostility of their non-Jewish enemies in Persia, and of how Esther became the queen of Ahasuerus (Xerxes), subsequently risking her life in order to save her people, the Jews, from total destruction. God’s providential care of His people is magnified throughout, though the word "God" never appears in the book.

THE POETICAL BOOKS

JOB

So named from Job, its chief character, the book deals with an ageless question, one that is puzzling to every generation - the problem of human suffering, particularly the affliction of the righteous. The reader is given an account of the sufferings of the pious Patriarch Job, of the argument carried on between Job and his friends as to the cause of his sufferings, and finally, of the solution to his difficulty,. The book’s principal aim is to refute the popular view that all suffering is the result of sin in the life of the sufferer.

PSALMS

A collection of 150 psalms, who Hebrew name is "The Book of Praise". Authors of individual psalms include David, Solomon, Moses, Asaph, and others who are anonymous. The variety and unity of Psalms have given this book a unique place in the devotional life of the individual and the Church. Almost every aspect of man’s relation to God is depicted in these poems: simple trust, the sense of sin, appeals to a higher power in time of trouble, and the conviction that the world is in the hands of a loving God.

PROVERBS

This book is a compendium of proverb collections. Although Solomon inspired the development of the book, its entire content did not derive from him. A proverb is a short, pithy saying with practical implications. The ones included here cover a variety of subjects, for example, chastity, control of the tongue, laziness, knowledge, relations with others, justice. Perhaps above everything else in Proverbs there is the reiterated assertion that the source of true wisdom is "the fear of the Lord".

ECCLESIASTES

In English, the title means "Preacher". Traditionally held to have been written by Solomon, this book is now almost universally recognized as about him rather than by him. The author’s purpose is to prove the vanity of everything "under the sun". This truth is first announced a fact, then proved from the "Preacher’s" experience and observations. Finally, the author shows that the fullness of life is found only in the recognition of things "above the sun", things spiritual as well as material.

THE SONG OF SOLOMON

This book, the only one in the Bible that has love for its sole theme, is a collection or cycle of marriage songs. Again, as with Ecclesiastes, the composition is about Solomon, and not by him. The Song is didactic and moral in its purpose, and has traditionally been interpreted as showing God’s love for His Chosen People and Christ’s love for His Bride, the Church.

THE FOUR MAJOR PROPHETS

ISAIAH

This book, as is true of all the prophetical books, derives its name from the prophet whose messages it records. The unity of Isaiah, a problem related to authorship and contents, has been the subject of much debate. The message of the book is twofold: judgment upon Judah for her sins (1-39), and comfort and hope for an exiled people (40-66). In these messages of encouragement are found some of the most graphic portrayals of the Messiah in the Old Testament.

JEREMIAH

Jeremiah was God’s spokesman during the decline and fall of the southern kingdom, Judah. Among the Prophets not one had a more difficult task than that of standing alone for God in the midst of the apostasy of his own people, and not one who bares his soul to his reader as does Jeremiah. Although Jeremiah announced the coming destruction of Judah, he looked beyond this judgement to a day when religion, no longer national, would be individual and spiritual. This new kind of religion would result from God’s "new covenant" with His people.

LAMENTATIONS

Entitled in most English versions The Lamentations of Jeremiah, this book is placed immediately after Jeremiah in the Septuagint, Vulgate and English Bible. In the Hebrew text it is found among the "Writings". In spite of the ancient tradition that Jeremiah was the author, present scholarship is reluctant to accept this view. The book is composed of five poems, lamenting the siege and destruction of Jerusalem (586 B.C.). The poet also makes sincere confession of sin on behalf of the people and leaders, acknowledges complete submission to the will of God, and finally prays that God will once again smile upon His people and restore them to their homeland.

EZEKIEL

Ezekiel was carried into exile in Babylon, where he received his call and exercised his prophetic ministry. His dual role of prophet-priest and his position as "watchman" over his people make Ezekiel unique among the prophets and may account for the uniqueness of his message and his methods of delivery. The book contains 48 chapters, divided at the halfway point by the fall of Jerusalem. Ezekiel’s prophecies before this event are chiefly messages of condemnation upon Judah for her sin; following the city’s fall, the prophet speaks to helpless people of the hope and certainty of restoration to their homeland and of worship again in the Temple.

DANIEL

Traditionally considered as the work of the Prophet Daniel in exile in Babylon during the 6th century B.C., many modern scholars classify the book as an "apocalypse" that was the product of a pious Jew living under the persecution of Antiochus Epiphanes (175-164 B.C.). In a series of events and visions, the author presents a view of history in which God rules and prevails over men and nations to achieve ultimate victory for the "saints" of God.

THE TWELVE MINOR PROPHETS

HOSEA

Sometimes called the "Prophet of Divine Love," Hosea was a native of Israel and was called to be God’s spokesman during that kingdom’s darkest hour. The apostasy of his own people was enough to break Hosea’s heart, but he also bore a heavy cross in his own life - his wife had proved unfaithful. In this bitter experience Hosea came to fathom God’s love for his erring children and pleads with his people to repent and avail themselves of God’s divine compassion and a love that will not let Israel go.

JOEL

Traditionally called the "Prophet of Pentecost," since his prophecy of the outpouring of the Spirit (2:28ff.) is quoted by Peter (Acts 2:16) as being fulfilled at Pentecost, Joel was the kind of man who could see the eternal in the temporal. The occasion of his message was a devastating locust plague, which he interpreted as foreboding the Day of the Lord when God would act directly to punish His people for their sins. Joel calls upon the people of Judah to repent, promising that repentance will bring God’s blessings, material and spiritual.

AMOS

Among the "writing" prophets Amos was the first of a new school, for, like Elijah and John the Baptist, he denounced sin with rustic boldness. A shepherd and native of Judah, he was called by God to prophesy to the northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of Jeroboam II (786-746 B.C.). Sparing no one, the prophet fearlessly announced the impending judgment of God. Although the dominant note of the book is judgment, the final words promise the restoration of a righteous remnant.

OBADIAH

This shortest of the prophetic books, containing only 21 verses, is a scathing denunciation of the Edomites, descendants of Esau, who from the beginning had been hostile to Israel. Its message is primarily one of destruction and doom for Edom. The latter part of the prophecy is concerned with the Day of the Lord when God’s judgment will be upon other nations as well as Edom and concludes with the promise that "the kingdom shall be the Lord’s".

JONAH

The Old Testament counterpart of John 3:16, this book declares the universality of God’s love embracing even pagan nations. Its authorship and historicity are disputed. If one is willing to accept the miraculous, there is no compelling reason to deny its historicity. There is a strong possibility that the book is about Jonah and not by him. The author relates how Jonah refused God’s call to preach to the people of Nineveh, his punishment for this disobedience, his ready response to a second summons, and his bitter complaint at God’s sparing the city following her repentance. Christ Himself alludes to Jonah when speaking of His own death and Resurrection (Matt. 12:39, 16:4; Luke 11:29-32).

MICAH

The Prophet Micah was a younger contemporary of Isaiah and spoke at a time when conditions in Judah paralleled those in the northern kingdom of Israel during Amos’ day. Micah’s messages are strikingly similar to those of Amos: many of the same sins are denounced and the same rugged, direct, indignant, and convincing language is used. While announcing God’s certain judgment upon sin, he also spoke of a sure deliverance to come through the Messiah whose place of birth he predicts.

NAHUM

This book is a vivid prediction of the approaching downfall of Nineveh, the capital city of Assyria, one of the most warlike of the ancient heathen nations. Of the Prophet Nahum, whose name means "consolation" or "comfort", little is known. His purpose was to comfort his people, long harassed by Assyria, with the promise that this cruel and oppressing people would soon meet destruction at God’s hand.

HABAKKUK

While this book is true prophecy, its method is quite different from other writings of the prophets. Dramatically constructed in the form of dialogue, this book contains the prophet’s complaints (questions) and God’s reply to them. In god’s answers Habakkuk discovers the doorway leading from questioning to affirmation, through which he enters into a faith that enables him to affirm, "I will rejoice in the Lord… God, the Lord, is my strength."

ZEPHANIAH

This book, though brief, is comprehensive, embracing the two great themes of prophetic teaching: judgment and salvation - both extending to all nations. In some great catastrophe of his day, perhaps the Scythian invasion (c. 626 B.C.), Zephaniah sees God’s terrible judgment upon the nations, including Judah. He exhorts the people to repent and assures them that God will dwell in the midst of a righteous remnant following repentance.

HAGGAI

This book, the first among the writings of the post-Exilic prophets, consists of four prophecies delivered within the space of 4 months, some 15 years after the return of the first exiles to Jerusalem. Work on the second Temple has begun shortly after the exiles’ arrival, but had been delayed for almost two decades. Haggai comes forward with a series of timely and vigorous messages challenging the people to respond wholeheartedly to a noble task - rebuilding the House of God.

ZECHARIAH

Sometimes called the "Apocalypse of the Old Testament", this book contains the messages of the Prophet Zechariah, a contemporary of Haggai. The main division of the book (1-8, 9-14) are noticeably dissimilar in both style and subject matter, a fact that has led some to assign the last division (9-14) to another author. The first eight chapters are primarily concerned with the rebuilding of the Temple, although the language used is highly symbolical. Chapters 9 to 14 deal with "last things", the "end time". Many Messianic references are found, and the writer foresees the Day of the Lord when Israel will be restored, the nations judged, and God’s kingdom triumphant.

MALACHI

The name of the last book of the Old Testament and of the Prophet whose oracles it contains. Malachi ( from Hebrew meaning "my messenger") is an invaluable source concerning the Judaean Jews during the Persian period. Two themes are predomination: the sin and apostasy of Israel (1-2); and the coming judgment upon the faithless, with blessings promised for those who repent (3-4). The growing Messianic expectation in the Old Testament is apparent in Malachi by the announcement of God’s "messenger of the covenant", by whose coming Israel will be purified and judged; and of the return of the Prophet Elijah who will proclaim the Day of the Lord.

THE NEW TESTAMENT

THE GOSPELS

MATTHEW

From at least the 2nd century A.D., the Gospel of Matthew has been ascribed to Matthew the publican, tax collector, and disciple. It is the most complete account of Jesus’ teachings and was written to convince the writer’s Jewish audience that Jesus was the Messiah descended from David, the One promised by the Old Testament Prophets. It is peculiarly the Gospel for Israel. The most significant teaching passages are the Sermon on the Mount (5-7) and the parable sections (especially Chapter 13).

MARK

The Gospel of Mark, the shortest, is also held by most to be the first of the Gospels to be written. A tradition dating from the 2nd century ascribes this book to John Mark, a companion of Peter and also of Paul and Barnabas in their missionary endeavors. The preaching of Peter may well have been the source of most of Mark’s material. Mark accounts for the ministry of Jesus from His Baptism to His Ascension. Most commentaries agree that Mark’s purpose was neither biographical nor historical, but theological: to present Jesus as the Christ, the mighty worker rather than great teacher. Hence, Mark makes fewer references to the Parables and discourses, but meticulously records each of Jesus’ "mighty works" as evidence of His divine power. Mark contains 20 specific miracles and alludes to others. Bible scholars quite generally agree that Mark wrote his Gospel in Rome for the gentiles.

LUKE

There is almost universal agreement that Luke, the "beloved physician" (Col. 4:14) who accompanied Paul on his missionary travels, was the author of the third Gospel. Luke wrote to present Jesus as the Universal Savior, the compassionate healer and teacher. His careful historical approach is revealed in the preface, which states that the author has traced "all things from the very first". Unlike Mark, this author includes an account of the Virgin Birth, and unlike Matthew he extensively describes the Perean Ministry (Chapters 9-18).

JOHN

The Gospel of John endeavors to explain the mystery of the Person of Christ by the use of the term "logos" (word) and was written to confirm Christians in the belief that Jesus was the Christ, the Son of God. Its purpose is evangelical and is so stated in 20:31. John not only records events as do the other Gospels but also uniquely interprets the events by giving them spiritual meaning. The author makes significant use of such words as light, water, life, love, and bread. Traditionally the author of this Gospel is considered to have been John, the Beloved Disciple.

HISTORY

ACTS

Addressed to a certain Theophilus, about whom nothing is known (1:1), the Book of Acts records the early history of the Apostolic Church. Beginning with the Ascension of Jesus to heaven, it traces the growth of Christianity in Palestine and its spread to Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, and eventually to Rome. The leading figure in the first chapters is Peter, who delivered the stirring sermon on the day of Pentecost (2). The greater part of the book, however, is devoted to the experiences of Paul and his companions during their missionary endeavors. The Book of Acts provides a useful background for study of the Pauline Epistles. The introduction (1:1) attests to a Lukan authorship.

EPISTLES

Pauline Epistles

ROMANS

This letter, the first in canonical order, but not the first of Paul’s Epistles, is the longest and the most influential of all the Apostle’s writings. Writing to Christians at Rome whom he hoped soon to visit, Paul presents to them his mature convictions concerning the Christian faith: the universality of sin; the impotence of the law as a means of salvation; the nature of God’s saving act in Christ, and its appropriation by faith. The letter closes with spiritual advice and some personal remarks.

I CORINTHIANS

This letter discusses doctrinal and ethical problems that were disturbing the Corinthian church, and presents a picture of the life of a particular local congregation in New Testament times. Writing from Ephesus, where he spent at lead three year, Paul addresses the Corinthian church concerning the significance of the new life in Christ, which should be demonstrated in the fellowship within the Church. He advises them regarding spiritual gifts (12), Christian love (13), and the meaning of the Resurrection (15).

II CORINTHIANS

Often called "the hard letter", this is an intensely personal letter. It recounts the difficulties and hardships Paul has endured in the service of Christ (10-13). The Apostle regards the Corinthians as his children in Christ.

GALATIANS

Paul’s letter addressed to the churches in Galatia is the great letter on Christian freedom; in it Paul attacks the Christians who wished to exalt the law. Galatians’ emphasis is similar to the theme of Paul’s letter to the Romans. The doctrinal section, as is typical of the Pauline format, is followed by an intensely practical section in Chapters five and six.

EPHESIANS

The Ephesian letter is one of Paul’s four "Imprisonment Letters" - Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon being the others. Although addressed to the church in Ephesus, this letter is generally believed to have been a circular discussing the believers’ exalted position through Christ, the Church as the body of Christ, her relationship to God, and practical implications of the Gospel.

PHILIPIANS

In this letter, which is a message of joy, Paul expresses his gratitude for the Philippians’ love and material assistance. The Epistle is uniquely significant because of its presentation of the humility of Jesus. Its practicality is also observed in Paul’s advice to Euodia and Syntyche.

COLOSSIANS

The Colossian letter is well known for its doctrine as well as for its brevity. In the letter, Paul insists upon the Lordship of Christ. Colossians has come under recent scrutiny because of its references, implied or actual, to incipient Gnosticism, a growing heresy in the Church.

I AND II THESSALONIANS

These letters constitute what is probably the earliest writing of the Apostle Paul. There were written in A.D. 51-52, soon after the founding of the Thessalonian church, and give Paul’s answer, to some basic problems disturbing the Christians of Thessalonica. The major contributions are eschatological, investigating especially the events preceding and accompanying the return of Christ. The concern of Paul for his followers is apparent throughout.

I AND II TIMOTHY

Along with the letter to Titus, these writings are defined as "pastoral epistles", which approach the material from the perspective of the minister, not of the Church. The letters to Timothy discuss such matters as the duties and qualifications of church officers, the inspirations of Scripture, the treatment of widows, and the expectation of a future reward.

TITUS

This is a personal letter written by the Apostle Paul to a young minister whom he had left on Crete. Like the Timothy correspondence, the letter to Titus is practical and discusses the everyday problems confronted by a young minister. This letter is probably to be dated between the first and the second letters to Timothy.

PHILEMON

This shortest of all Paul’s letters was addressed to Philemon (although two other persons are included in the salutation). Paul entreats Philemon, the master of Onesimus, a runaway slave, to receive him back as a brother in Christ (16, 17). This very personal letter reveals not only the concern of the Apostle for a converted slave but also a practical demonstration of brotherhood in Christ, "where there is neither bond (slave) nor free". (Gal 3:28)

HEBREWS

Although tradition ascribed Hebrews to Paul, it is now generally believed to have been written by someone other than the Apostle, but certainly someone who was acquainted with Paul’s teaching. The Epistle portrays Jesus, who performed the perfect sacrifice for the sins of the world, as the great High Priest of the line of Melchizedek (Gen. 14). The Bible’s only definition of faith occurs in this Epistle (Chap. 11) and is followed by the "great line of splendor" of the men of faith.

General Epistles

JAMES

The author of this letter introduces himself as "James, a servant of God and the Lord Jesus Christ". Four men in the New Testament bore this name but the writer of this Epistle is usually identified with James who was the leader of the church in Jerusalem. The letter is addressed to the "the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad", and is the most Jewish in style and form of any of the New Testament books. It is not a treatise on Christian theology but rather a practical letter dealing with Christian ethics. James insists that works, not words, are the mark of a disciple.

I PETER

The author describes himself as "Peter an apostle of Jesus Christ", and there is no overriding reason to doubt the truth of his claim, although the beautiful Greek style employed has led some scholars to believe that the actual writing may have been done by an associate (probably a secretary). The contents breathe the spirit of Peter. His speeches recorded in Acts indicate a similar attitude toward persecution and suffering. The letter here reflects a time of suffering and trial. No doubt the widespread persecution of the Christians by the Roman authorities was the occasion of the "fiery trial" (4:12). The writer admonishes his readers to a life of purity, of godly living, and exhorts them to steadfastness and faithfulness.

II PETER

This letter was a "reminder" to the readers of the truth of the Gospel, which they had received as against the attacks of false teachers who would pervert it. The author urges his hearers to remain steadfast even amidst persecution and reminds them that the Lord will keep His promises. He speaks of the "day of the Lord" (parousia) and of the necessity of keeping themselves "without spot and blameless" (3:14)

THE EPISTLES OF JOHN

Three Johannine Epistles - I, II and III John - are included in the New Testament collection. These Epistles should probably be dated A.D. 90-95. John, the author of the Fourth Gospel, addresses the first one to an unidentified group. I John 5:13 indicates that the author writes in order that this group might know the certainty of eternal life. II John is addressed to an elect lady, either a church or perhaps a woman. III John is addressed to Gaius, a man commended for his hospitality.

JUDE

The author of this short letter warns his readers against the dangers of apostasy, and points to the faithlessness of the Israelites as a reminder of God’s judgment. Surrounded as his readers were by moral corruption and apostacizing influences, the author urges them to "contend for the faith" (3), and in a closing benediction he commends them to the One "who is able to keep you from falling" (24). Both the similarity of this letter to II Peter and Jude’s use of non-Biblical sources (9,14,15) have been the subject of much discussion.

PROPHETICAL BOOK

REVELATION

This last book of the Bible identifies itself as "the revelation of Jesus Christ", and its author is designated "his servant John" who was exiled to the Greek island of Patmos because of his faith. Traditionally, John is identified with the author of the Fourth Gospel. Addressed to seven historical churches in Asia Minor, the Book of Revelation was written to warn against spiritual indifference and to elicit courage under persecution. Because of the extensive use of symbolism and picturesque imagery, its interpretation has posed many problem for the student of the Bible. While recognizing the historical situation (Roman persecution) that elicited this writing, many interpreters look upon it as a prophecy depicting events that were to take place at the end of the age. The ultimate victory of Christ is the dominant theme of this book.

History and Time Line of the English Bible

What a fascinating history the English Bible has including martyrs, translations by Kings and poets and a search for the definitive translation that would confirm “truth”.  Here’s a short, concise history of the English Bible from the earliest times to the late 1800’s and early 1900’s.

 

443 BC  Completion of all the books of the original Hebrew manuscripts which make up the 39 books of the Old Testament

200 BC Completion of the Septuagint Greek manuscripts which contain the translation of the 39 books of the Old Testament and the 14  books of the Apochrypha. 

60 AD Completion of the Greek manuscripts which make up the 27 books of the New Testament

90-95 AD  Council of Jamnia, a Jewish council,  met to revise the Books of the Canon (or the Old Testament as it is known to Christians.)  These were the criteria:

1. The books had to conform to the Pentateuch (the first 5 books). 

2. The books had to be written in Hebrew. 

3. The books had to be written in Palestine.

4. The books had to be written before 400 B.C.. 
One result is the removal of the 14 books known as the Apochrypha. 

360 AD Laodocia Council meets to decide which books and writings will be accepted as Holy Scripture.  The Greek Septuagint is accepted for the Old Testament.  Criteria for the New Testament writings include that they must be written by an Apostle or during the time of the Apostles, that they must support true doctrine and must have wide spread usage. Thus, even though the Shepherd of Hermas, the First Letter of Clement, and the Didache may have been widely used and contain true doctrines, they were not canonical because they were not apostolic nor connected to the apostolic age, or they were local writings without support in many areas. 

390 AD  Jerome’s Latin Vulgate translation of the Bible is produced and in wide circulation.  It includes all 80 books including the Apochrypha.   It is used in Celtic monastaries in Britain.  During this period the British within the Roman Empire use Latin as the official language

Historical Background:  5th - 6th Century:  Germanic peoples who came to Britain bring their dialects of which Saxon becomes standard Old English.   Because of this, a need for an English version of the scriptures arises.

7th Century:  Herdsman Caedmon, spoken of by Bede, the learned monk of Jarrow,  sings the themes of the Bible in English.  This becomes a common method for presenting scriptural themes in English.

640 AD to 735 AD  Aldheim is credited with translating the whole Bible into English while Bede was still  working on completing his translation when he died.  The translations of these times are based on translations of  the Latin Vulgate version rather than translations of the original Hebrew and Greek versions.

1384 John Wycliffe finishes the first translation of the entire Bible into English.  His version and copies of it are handwritten.

1408 Synod of Oxford tries to suppress the Wycliffe Bible with little success.

1455 Gutenberg invents the printing press making it possible to mass produce books.  The first book printed is Gutenberg’s Bible in Latin.

Historical Background: Reformation
A revolution in western thinking followed the midpoint of the 15th century A.D. The Renaissance opened up the treasures of both classical and patristic learning in a new way. It also revived an interest in the study of both Greek and Hebrew that made possible the study of the Bible in the original languages. This new interest in original editions stimulated textual research and also evidenced anew the corruption and ignorance of the contemporary church. The Renaissance created new opportunities for humanist scholars such as Erasmus of Rotterdam, who sought to make the Bible available to people of all ages, social levels, and countries.

More radical in outlook than Renaissance humanists were the Reformers, who measured the teaching and practice of the contemporary church by the standards of scripture. The Reformers were horrified by the obvious discrepancies. There soon emerged a mission to discover the pure biblical message and to reconstruct both the teaching and practice of the church. The Reformers became deeply convinced that it was both reasonable and necessary to circulate God's word in order to purify the church from ignorance and destructive practices. (from http://davidsonpress.com)
 

1525 William Tyndale’s New Testament is completed.  His translation is based on the Latin vulgate, Erasmus Greek and the original Greek manuscripts.  His wording and sentence structures are found in most modern day translations of the Bible. 

Tyndale was committed to taking the Bible directly to the people. Expressing open defiance of the Pope, Tyndale said that if God would spare his life he would make it possible for even a ploughboy to know more about Holy Scripture than the Pope himself.   By August of 1525 his translation of the New Testament was complete. Printing began at Cologne, but when the authorities forbade the project, Tyndale escaped to Worms, where 6,000 copies were printed and sold in England by April of 1526. Official opposition in England led to the destruction of most of these early copies.

Tyndale's English work is similar to that of Martin Luther. Although he used Luther's German translation, Tyndale also drew upon the Latin Vulgate as well as Erasmus' Greek text.  Ninety percent of the New Testament in the King James Version (KJV) is Tyndale's translation. By the same token, where the KJV departed from Tyndale's wording, the English Revised Version (ERV) of 1881 went back to it. Without question, this first printed English New Testament is the basis of all future works of translation.

1536  Tyndale executed.  Tyndale did not live to complete his Old Testament translation. On May 21, 1535, he was arrested and later executed for heresy at Vilvorde, Belgium, on October 6, 1536. His dying prayer was that the Lord would open the eyes of the King of England. He left behind a manuscript containing the translation of the historical books from Joshua to 2 Chronicles that was finally published in 1537.

1535 Myles Coverdale, student of Tyndale’s, produces a Bible.  It includes 80 books (The 39 Old Testament, 27 New Testament and 14 Apochrypha)  His version uses the translations Tyndale was able to complete.  Coverdale finished translating the rest of the Bible but not being a Hebrew or Greek scholar his portions are based on intermediate Latin and German translations rather than the original Greek and Hebrew.

1537  Matthews Bible printed.  Matthews Bible is really Tyndale’s  translation supplemented by Coverdale’s translation.  Henry VIII through the efforts of Archbishop Crammer and Thomas Cromwell gave permission for this English version of the Bible to be bought and sold throughout Britain.

Historical Background Leading to King James (Protestant) and Rheims-Douay (Catholic) Bibles:  It is during this time that the Protestant Reformers gain political power in England with the breakoff from the Catholic Church by Henry VIII.  The various Bible translations that follow are dependent upon the rise and fall of Protestant power.  Mary Tudor is Catholic and during her time no new translations are permitted.  Elizabeth is Protestant.  Mary Stuart, never allowed to reign, is Catholic.  Her son James who became King James I of England and King James VI of Scotland was raised in England by Elizabeth as a Protestant upon Mary Stuart’s abdication of the crown of Scotland when James was one year of age.

1539 The Great Bible is called that because of it’s size but it is basically Matthews Bible and was authorized for public use.  It contains 80 books including the Apochrypha as an appendix.

1546 Council of Trent is called to answer the accusations of corruption and apostasy in the Catholic Church by the Protestant Reformers.  The Council meets over a 27 year period. One of the results is that Jerome’s Latin Vulgate version of the Bible is held to be the official version of the Bible accepted by the Catholic Church.

1560 The Geneva Bible is printed.  Verses are added for the first time in this edition.  It is also the first translation of the Bible based entirely on the original Hebrew and Greek.  It was translated by exiles from England living in Geneva during the Catholic Mary Tudor’s reign.  The majority of the translation  is attributed to William Whittington a relative of John Calvin.

1568 Bishops Bible produced.   Because there was no “official” version of the Bible in England at this time, the Archbishop of Canterbury suggested the Geneva Bible be revised by the Bishop’s to be used by all the churches.  This is the version known as The Bishop’s Bible

1609 Rheims-Douay Bible is the First Complete English Catholic Bible.  Called Rheims – Douay because the New Testament portion was first completed in Rheims France in 1582 followed by the Old Testament finished in 1609 in Douay. In this version the 14 books of the Apochrypha are returned to the Bible in the order written rather than kept separate in an appendix.

1611 King James Version. The stated purpose of the King James translation was “"not to make a bad version good, but to make a good one better, or out of many good ones one principal good one.”  It is primarily a re-translation of the Bishop’s Bible.  54 men work on translation using all the widely accepted versions up to then including Bishop’s, Geneva, Matthews, Coverdale and Tyndale translation as well as looking at original manuscripts.  All available copies of the original manuscripts are brought in.  It is found that the Hebrew manuscripts are virtually identical while there is wide variations in the Greek manuscripts as they have been hand copied and handed down. The 54 men work as teams checking each other’s work.  It was printed originally with all 80 books including the Apochrypha again as a separate section. 

1613-1901: At that time until today translations have continued as translators gained a better understanding of the Hebrew language and the Greek writers.  300 corrections were made in the 1613 version of the King James Version.  In the 18th century Bishop Challoner made revisions to the Rheims-Douay Bible  removing some Latin terms and adding the use of King James translation in some areas.

The Apochrypha  were removed in 1885 from King James Versions when the English Revised Version was printed and in 1901 when  the American Standard Version was printed.

What are Biblical Dispensations?

A dispensation in Christian belief is a divine ordering or management of affairs and events in the world, and the time during which a particular doctrine or practice is in force. One way to consider the broad stroke of God’s brush across the canvas of history is to look at how He has dealt differently with generation, and the progress of redemptive history dispensationally.


dis·pen·sa·tion

…in Christian belief, a divine ordering or management of affairs and events in the world

…the time during which a religious doctrine or practice is believed to be in force

The word dispensation in Greek comes the Greek word ‘oikonomia’, which is a compound word comprising ‘oikos’ which means ‘house’, and ‘nomos’ which means ‘law’. It simply means a way in which someone runs a household or estate. In regard to Biblical history it refers to God’s respective ways of ordering and running His household or estate, the earth, through different times in history.

We present here the classic dispensational approach popularised by C.I.Scofield in the Scofield Reference Bible. Schofield defines a dispensation as “A period of time during which man is tested in respect of obedience to some specific revelation of the will of God.” Other views exist and some contend with the concept of dispensations on several grounds so the following information is by no means conclusive.

According to Scofield, there are seven dispensations described in the Scriptures, during which God’s dealings with mankind are defined and ordered. Each dispensation builds upon the one preceding and works toward God’s ultimate fulfilment of His purpose for the world and its inhabitants. Each dispensation has distinct characteristics.

Innocence
Adam and Eve perfectly at one with God in the garden of Eden. This dispensation ended in judgement when Adam chose to rebel and eat of the forbidden fruit.

Conscience
This dispensation covers the time from Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the garden, until the time of the flood. During this time man lived according to his own conscience.
This dispensation ended in judgement with the flood.

Human Government
From Noah to Moses; this dispensation was the first to include judicial actions such as capital punishment, administered by mankind.
This dispensation ended in judgement at Babel.

Promise
From the dispersed population of humanity God chooses a man, Abram; through Abraham the next stage of God’s plan is outworked.
This dispensation ended in judgement with bondage in Egypt.

Law
From Moses to the Cross (some would say to the birth of Christ); this dispensation was governed by the law as given by God through Moses.
It ended in judgement at the cross.

Grace
From the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ until the second Coming. Ends in judgement at the second coming of Christ. Certain aspects of this dispensation regarding the end times are disputable in their sequence and details.

The Millennial Reign of Christ
1000 year dispensation where Christ reigns on the throne of David in Jerusalem. This dispensation ends in final judgement before the new heaven and new earth.

We also note that there are two main dispensations marked by the Old and New Testaments.

What is Biblical Numerology

Biblical Numerology is the study of numbers in the Bible. The question of whether or not the numbers really do have significance is still debated in many circles. The Bible definitely seems to use numbers in patterns or to teach a spiritual truth. However, many people put too much significance on “Biblical numerology,” trying to find a special meaning behind every number in the Bible. Often a number in the Bible is simply a number. God does not call us to search for secret meanings, hidden messages, and codes in the Bible. There is more than enough truth in the words and meanings of Scripture to meet all our needs and make us “complete and thoroughly equipped for every good work” (2 Timothy 3:16).

Throughout history, men with great minds, like Augustine, Isaac Newton, and Leonardo Di Vinci, showed more than just a passing curiosity regarding the importance of biblical numbers. Jesus said, “The very hairs of your head are numbered” (Matthew 10:30). So obviously, Bible numbers should be carefully considered.

At least 12 numbers in the Bible stand out as worthy of closer scrutiny: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, 40, 50, and 70. In order to express this truth, one or two biblical examples have been given below. However, much more can be said on this subject, so these examples serve merely as an introduction and are not exhaustive by any means.

1 – Absolute Singleness and Unity (Ephesians 4:4–6; John 17:21, 22.) (We presume readers need no more than these two citations, as most of the biblical information regarding unity and singleness is common knowledge.)

2 – The Truth of God’s Word; for example, the law and prophets (John 1:45), two or three witnesses (2 Corinthians 13:1), and a sword with two edges (Hebrews 4:12). See Mark 6:7 and Revelation 11:3. It is also used 21 times in the books of Daniel and Revelation.

3 – The Godhead / Trinity. The angels cry “Holy” three times to the triune God (Isaiah 6:3). See also Matthew 28:19 and 1 John 5:7, 8.

4 – Universal Truth, as in the four directions (north, south, east, west) and the four winds (Matthew 24:31; Revelation 7:1; Revelation 20:8). In acts 10:11, a sheet with four corners symbolizes the gospel going to all the gentiles.

5 – Teaching. First, there are the five books of Moses. Second, Jesus taught about the five wise virgins and used five barley loaves used to feed the 5,000.

6 – The Worship of Man, and is the number of man, signifying his rebellion, imperfection, works, and disobedience. It is used 273 times in the Bible, including its derivatives (e.g, sixth) and another 91 times as “threescore” or “60.” Man was created on the sixth day (Genesis 1:26, 31). See also Exodus 31:15 and Daniel 3:1.

The number is especially significant in the book Revelation, as “666” identifies the beast. “Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six” (Revelation 13:18).

7 – Perfection, and is the Sign of God, divine worship, completions, obedience, and rest. The “prince” of Bible numbers, it is used 562 times, including its derivatives (e.g., seventh, sevens). (See Genesis 2:1–4, Psalm 119:164, and Exodus 20:8–11 for just a few of the examples.)

The number seven is also the most common in biblical prophecy, occurring 42 times in Daniel and Revelation alone. In Revelation there are seven churches, seven spirits, seven golden candlesticks, seven stars, seven lamps, seven seals, seven horns, seven eyes, seven angels, seven trumpets, seven thunders, seven thousand slain in a great earthquake, seven heads, seven crowns, seven last plagues, seven golden vials, seven mountains, and seven kings.

10 – Law and Restoration. Of course, this includes the Ten Commandments found in Exodus 20. See also Matthew 25:1 (ten virgins); Luke 17:17 (ten lepers); Luke 15:8 (healing, ten silver coins).

12 – The Church and God’s Authority. Jesus had 12 disciples, and there were 12 tribes of Israel. In Revelation 12:1, the 24 elders and 144,000 are multiples of 12. The New Jerusalem city has12 foundations, 12 gates 12 thousand furlongs, a tree with 12 kinds of fruit 12 times a year eaten by 12 times 12,000 or the 144,000. (See Revelation 21.)

40 – A Generation and Times of Testing. It rained for 40 days during the flood. Moses spent 40 years in the desert, as did the children of Israel. Jesus fasted for 40 days.

50 – Power and Celebration. The Jubilee came after the 49th year (Leviticus 25:10), and Pentecost occurred 50 days after Christ’s resurrection (Acts 2).

70 – Human Leadership and Judgment. Moses appointed 70 elders (Exodus 24:1); The Sanhedrin was made up of 70 men. Jesus chose 70 disciples (Luke 10:1). Jesus told Peter to forgive 70 times 7.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interpreting the Book of Revelation

Over the centuries, four main approaches for interpreting the book of Revelation have developed. Each approach has had capable supporters, but none has proved itself the only way to read this book. However, the most basic application question for each approach can be summarized by asking yourself, “Will this help me become a better follower of Jesus Christ today?”

The Preterist View

Description – John is writing to encourage Christians in his own day who are experiencing persecution from the Roman empire.

Challenge – To gain the same kind of encouragement John’s first readers gained from the vivid images of God’s sovereignty.

Caution – Do not forget that most Biblical prophesy has both an immediate and a future application.

The Futuristic View

Description – Except for the first three chapters, John is describing events that will occur at the end of history.

Challenge – To see in contemporary events many of the characteristics John describes and realize that the end could come at any time.

Caution – Do not assume that we have “figured out” the future. Since Jesus said that no one will know the day of His return until it happens.

The Historical View

Description - The book of Revelation is a presentation of history from John’s day until the second coming of Christ and beyond.

Challenge – To note the consistency of human evil throughout history and recognize that names may change but the rebellion against God has not.

Caution – Be careful before identifying current events or leaders as fulfilling aspects of the book of Revelation.

The Idealistic View

Description – The book of Revelation is a symbolic representation of the continual struggle of good and evil. It does not refer to any particular historical events. It is applicable at any point in history.

Challenge – Read the book to gain insight into the past, to prepare for the future, ant to live obediently and confidently in the present.

Caution – Do not avoid the book because it is too difficult. Try to understand Revelation within its broader literary context.

Psalm 18:30

As for God, his way is perfect;the word of the LORD is flawless. He is a shield for all who take refuge in him.